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Métodos de medición de las desigualdades de salud

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Date
2002
Author
Schneider, Maria Cristina
Castillo-Salgado, Carlos
Bacallao, Jorge
Loyola, Enrique
Mujica, Oscar J
Vidaurre, Manuel
Roca, Anne
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Abstract
Measuring health inequalities is indispensable for progress in improving the health situation in the Region of the Americas, where the analysis of average values is no longer sufficient. Analyzing health inequalities is a fundamental tool for action that seeks greater equity in health. There are various measurement methods, with differing levels of complexity, and choosing one rather than another depends on the objective of the study. The purpose of this article is to familiarize health professionals and decision-making institutions with methodological aspects of the measurement and simple analysis of health inequalities, utilizing basic data that are regularly reported by geopolitical unit. The calculation method and the advantages and disadvantages of the following indicators are presented: the rate ratio and the rate difference, the effect index, the population attributable risk, the index of dissimilarity, the slope index of inequality and the relative index of inequality, the Gini coefficient, and the concentration index. The methods presented are applicable to measuring various types of inequalities and at different levels of analysis.(AU)
 
La medición de las desigualdades en el campo de la salud es una condición indispensable para avanzar en la mejoría de la situación de salud de la Región, donde el análisis de los valores medios ha dejado de ser suficiente. Este tipo de análisis es una herramienta fundamental para la acción en busca de una mayor equidad en salud. Existen diferentes métodos de medición y niveles de complejidad cuya elección depende del objetivo del estudio. Este artículo tiene como objetivo familiarizar a los profesionales de la salud y a las instancias decisorias con los aspectos metodológicos de la medición y el análisis simple de las desigualdades en el campo de la salud, utilizando datos básicos registrados con regularidad y agregados por unidades geopolíticas. Se presenta la forma de calcular los siguientes indicadores y se comentan sus ventajas y desventajas: la razón y la diferencia de tasas, el índice de efecto, el riesgo atribuible poblacional, el índice de disimilitud, el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente y el índice relativo de desigualdad, el coeficiente de Gini y el índice de concentración. Los métodos presentados son aplicables a la medición de las desigualdades de diferentes tipos y a distintos niveles de análisis.(AU)
 
Translated title
Methods for measuring inequalities in health
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;12(6),dic. 2002
Subject
Métodos; Desigualdades en la Salud; Indicadores de Salud; Nível de Saúde; Indicadores Básicos de Saúde; Justiça Social; Américas; Medição de Risco; Fatores Socioeconômicos
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892002001200006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9953
Citation
Schneider, Maria Cristina,Castillo-Salgado, Carlos,Bacallao, Jorge,Loyola, Enrique,Mujica, Oscar J,Vidaurre, Manuel,Roca, Anne (2002) Métodos de medición de las desigualdades de salud. Rev Panam Salud Publica;12(6) 398-414,dic. 2002. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892002001200006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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