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Necesidades de salud en áreas urbanas marginadas de México

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Date
2009
Author
Reyes-Morales, Hortensia
Gómez-Dantés, Héctor
Torres-Arreola, Laura del Pilar
Tomé-Sandoval, Patricia
Galván-Flores, Gloria
González-Unzaga, Marco Aurelio
Gutiérrez-Trujillo, Gonzalo
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Abstract
OBJETIVO: Evaluar las necesidades de salud de la población residente en áreas urbanas marginadas de México. MÉTODOS: Encuesta poblacional a familias residentes en colonias urbanas pobres de cinco regiones geográficas de México (Norte, Centro, Sur, Sureste y Ciudad de México), seleccionadas mediante un muestreo polietápico. Se realizaron entrevistas y mediciones antropométricas en sus domicilios a todos los integrantes de las familias seleccionadas y se analizaron las características de salud positiva, nutrición, salud reproductiva, daños a la salud y salud mental por grupos de análisis formados por edad y sexo. RESULTADOS: Participaron 24 707 personas. En los entrevistados se observó una baja escolaridad (6 años o menos) y solo 46,8 por ciento tuvo cobertura de servicios de salud, ya fuera en instituciones públicas o privadas. De los niños, 19,8 por ciento presentaba desmedro y el sobrepeso predominó a partir de la adolescencia. En los adolescentes de 12 a 19 años, 15,7 por ciento tenía vida sexual activa, pero solo 57,7 por ciento de los hombres y 41,9 por ciento de las mujeres de ese grupo de edad usaban algún método anticonceptivo. De los adultos, 5,9 por ciento padecía diabetes y 11,5 por ciento hipertensión arterial. En la muestra de adolescentes, adultos y adultos mayores, el tabaquismo fue de 21,2 por ciento, el consumo de alcohol de 36,0 por ciento, el uso de drogas de 9,5 por ciento y la depresión de 20,2 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES: La vulnerabilidad sanitaria de las personas que viven en las áreas urbanas marginadas de México se manifiesta en la existencia de una población joven, con pocas redes de apoyo familiar y de servicios de salud, que sufre trastornos y enfermedades, como la desnutrición infantil, el alto riesgo reproductivo y las adicciones en adolescentes y adultos, producto del rezago en el desarrollo social. La prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas fue similar a la de la población mexicana no marginada.(AU)
 
OBJECTIVE: To understand the health needs of the population living in Mexico's marginalized urban areas. METHODS: A population-based survey of families residing in poor, urban neighborhoods, in five geographic areas in Mexico (northern, central, southern, south-east, and Mexico City), selected through multistage sampling. Interviews were conducted and anthropometric measurements were taken in the home, and included all members of the participating family. Analysis was carried out on positive health factors, nutrition, reproductive health, health problems, and mental health, and results were disaggregated by age and sex. RESULTS: In all, 24 707 individuals participated. The interviewees were found to have minimal schooling (6 years or less). Only 46.8 percent had health care coverage, be it public or private. Among the children, 19.8 percent were malnourished; overweight was prevalent from adolescence onwards. Of adolescents 12-19 years of age, 15.7 percent were sexually active, but only 57.7 percent of the males and 41.9 percent of the females in this age group were using some method of contraception. Of the adults, 5.9 percent suffered from diabetes and 11.5 percent, from high blood pressure. In the sample of adolescents, adults, and elderly adults, tobacco use was 21.2 percent; alcohol consumption, 36.0 percent; illicit drug use, 9.5 percent; and depression, 20.2 percent. CONCLUSIONS: The health needs of people living in Mexico's marginalized urban areas proliferate in the context of a young population with weak ties and little support from family and health services. They face crisis and disease-infant malnutrition, high-risk pregnancy, and addictions-the byproducts of disparities in social progress. The rate of chronic conditions was similar to that of the general population of Mexico.(AU)
 
Translated title
Health needs in marginalized urban areas in Mexico
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;25(4),abr. 2009
Subject
Areas de Pobreza; Evaluación de Necesidades; Estado de Salud; Mexico; Poverty Areas; Needs assessment; Health Status; Mexico; Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde; Mexico; População Urbana; Adulto Jovem
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892009000400007
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9860
Citation
Reyes-Morales, Hortensia,Gómez-Dantés, Héctor,Torres-Arreola, Laura del Pilar,Tomé-Sandoval, Patricia,Galván-Flores, Gloria,González-Unzaga, Marco Aurelio,Gutiérrez-Trujillo, Gonzalo (2009) Necesidades de salud en áreas urbanas marginadas de México. Rev Panam Salud Publica;25(4) 328-336,abr. 2009. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892009000400007
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