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Maternal low birth weight and adverse perinatal outcomes: the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil

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Date
2009
Author
Vélez, Maria P
Santos, Iná S
Matijasevich, Alicia
Gigante, Denise
Gonçalves, Helen
Barros, Fernando C
Victora, Cesar G
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between maternal low birth weight (LBW) and adverse perinatal outcomes and to discriminate between confounders and mediating factors of these associations in a population-based birth cohort of Southern Brazil. METHODS: Data from 794 female members of the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study known to have delivered a live-born singleton offspring up to December 2004 were analyzed. Maternal birth weights were recorded in 1982. The associations between maternal and offspring characteristics were estimated by Poisson regression. Confounding was tested for socioeconomic, demographic, and psychosocial factors. Maternal anthropometric characteristics and hypertensive diseases during pregnancy were considered mediating factors. RESULTS: An increase of 100 grams (g) in mothers' birth weight predicted a gain of 21 g in their infants' birth weight (95 percent confidence interval (CI) 13.0-29.0 g, P 0.001). Maternal LBW was associated with offspring LBW (prevalence ratio (PR) 2.28 (95 percent CI 1.34-3.89), P = 0.002), preterm birth (PR 1.78 (95 percent CI 1.12-2.81), P = 0.01), and small for gestational age (SGA) (PR 1.93 (95 percent CI 1.14-3.26), P = 0.01). A causal chain linking maternal LBW and offspring SGA was mediated by maternal prepregnancy weight. CONCLUSION: Offspring of young women born with LBW are more likely to be LBW, preterm, and SGA. Public health strategies aimed at decreasing the frequency of LBW are necessary to reduce the perpetuation of adverse perinatal outcomes in later generations. The intermediate role of prepregnancy weight among LBW women opens a promising window to decreasing the prevalence of SGA in similar populations.(AU)
 
OBJETIVOS: Explorar la asociación entre el bajo peso al nacer (BPN) de las madres y los desenlaces perinatales adversos y discriminar entre los factores de confusión y de mediación de estas asociaciones en un estudio poblacional de una cohorte de nacimientos en el sur de Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron los datos de 794 mujeres participantes en el Estudio de la Cohorte de Nacimientos de 1982 en Pelotas con partos únicos exitosos hasta diciembre de 2004. El peso al nacer de las mujeres se registró en 1982. Las asociaciones entre las características de las madres y sus hijos se estimaron mediante la regresión de Poisson. Como factores de confusión se probaron características socioeconómicas, demográficas y psicosociales. Como factores de mediación se consideraron las características antropométricas de la madre y la hipertensión durante el embarazo. RESULTADOS: El incremento en 100 g en el peso al nacer de las madres predijo un aumento de 21 g en el peso al nacer de sus hijos (intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento [IC95 por ciento]: 13,0 a 29,0; P 0,001). El BPN de las madres se asoció con el BPN de sus hijos (prevalencia [PR] = 2,28; IC95 por ciento: 1,34 a 3,89; P = 0,002), el nacimiento prematuro (PR = 1,78; IC95 por ciento: 1,12 a 2,81); P = 0,01) y la baja talla para la edad gestacional (BTEG) (PR = 1,93; IC95 por ciento: 1,14 a 3,26; P = 0,01). El peso materno durante el embarazo resultó un factor de mediación en una cadena causal que relacionó el BPN de las madres y la BTEG de los hijos. CONCLUSIONES: Los hijos de madres jóvenes nacidas con BPN tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar BPN, prematuridad y BTEG. Las estrategias de salud pública dirigidas a reducir la frecuencia del BPN son necesarias para reducir los desenlaces perinatales adversos en las siguientes generaciones. El papel como factor de mediación del peso durante el embarazo en las mujeres con BPN abre un camino promisorio para reducir la prevalencia de la BTEG en poblaciones ...(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;26(2),ago. 2009
Subject
Birth weight; Cohort studies; Infant, low birth weight; Infant, premature; Infant, small for gestational age; Brazil; Peso al nacer; Estudios de Cohortes; Recién nacido de bajo peso; Prematuro; Recién nacido pequeño para la edad gestacional; Brasil; Peso ao Nascer; Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso; Prematuro; Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional; Mães; Brasil; Estudos de Coortes; Fatores de Risco; Adulto Jovem
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892009000800003
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9797
Citation
Vélez, Maria P,Santos, Iná S,Matijasevich, Alicia,Gigante, Denise,Gonçalves, Helen,Barros, Fernando C,Victora, Cesar G (2009) Maternal low birth weight and adverse perinatal outcomes: the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica;26(2) 112-119,aug. 2009. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892009000800003
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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