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Atención integral de pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos con participación de enfermeras en medicina familiar

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Date
2009
Author
Pérez-Cuevas, Ricardo
Reyes Morales, Hortensia
Doubova, Svetlana Vladislavovna
Zepeda Arias, Maribel
Díaz Rodríguez, Gustavo
Peña Valdovinos, Abel
Muñoz Hernández, Onofre
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Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la efectividad de la participación de enfermeras de atención primaria en la atención integral a pacientes con hipertensión arterial (HTA) y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental antes-después, sin grupo control, en ocho clínicas de medicina familiar. Enfermeras capacitadas otorgaron atención integral en coordinación con un equipo formado por médico familiar, nutricionista, trabajadora social y estomatólogo. La intervención duró siete meses y utilizó como variables de resultado cambios en el índice de masa corporal, glucemia en ayunas, presión arterial, autopercepción del estado de salud, adherencia terapéutica y solicitud de servicios de urgencias. El cambio se determinó comparando la medición basal y final mediante entrevistas y registro de las variables de interés. RESULTADOS: 1 131 pacientes completaron el seguimiento, de los cuales 44,9 por ciento fue diagnosticado con HTA, 27 por ciento con DM2 y 28,1 por ciento con ambos padecimientos. La proporción de pacientes atendidos coordinadamente por el equipo de salud aumentó; se observó incremento de casos con peso normal y sobrepeso, reducción en la proporción de obesos (P 0,05) y aumento de hipertensos con presión arterial 130/80mmHg (P 0,05). No se modificó la proporción de diabéticos con glucemia 140 mg/dl; 18,2 por ciento notificó mejoría en la autopercepción del estado de salud (P 0,05); hubo mejoría en la adherencia terapéutica (P 0,05) y reducción de solicitud de atención a urgencias en las clínicas (-4,5 por ciento) y en los hospitales (-6,8 por ciento) (P 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: La atención integral a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas mediante la participación de enfermeras contribuye a mejorar los resultados de salud en servicios de atención primaria.(AU)
 
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of involving primary care nurses in comprehensive care of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II (DM2). METHODS: A quasi-experimental, before-and-after study was conducted, without a control group, in eight family-practice clinics. Trained nurses offered comprehensive care in conjunction with a team made up of a family doctor, a nutritionist, a social worker, and a dentist. The intervention lasted seven months and its outcome variables were changes in body mass index, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, self-perceived health status, treatment compliance, and emergency services requests. Any change was determined by comparing the baseline to the final measurement through interviews and recording the variables of interest in a spreadsheet. RESULTS: In all, 1 131 patients completed the follow-up, of which 44.9 percent were diagnosed with hypertension, 27 percent with DM2, and 28.1 percent with both conditions. The proportion of patients seen by the coordinated health teams increased; there was a rise in cases of normal weight and overweight; a decrease in the proportion of obese (P 0.05); and an increase in hypertensives with high blood pressure ( 130/ 80mmHg) (P 0.05). There was no change in the proportion of diabetics with high blood glucose ( 140 mg/dl); 18.2 percent reported improved self-perceived health status (P 0.05); there was improved treatment compliance (P 0.05); and a decrease in requests for emergency services at the clinics (-4.5 percent) and at the hospitals (-6.8 percent) (P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive care for chronically ill patients through the involvement of nurses contributes to improved health outcomes in primary care.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;26(6),dic. 2009
Subject
Atención Primaria de Salud; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2; Enfermería de la Familia; Hipertensión; Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria; Rol de la enfermera; Mexico; Primary Health Care; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Family Nursing; Hypertension; Family Practice; Nurse's role; Mexico; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2; Enfermagem Familiar; Hipertensão
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892009001200006
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9735
Citation
Pérez-Cuevas, Ricardo,Reyes Morales, Hortensia,Doubova, Svetlana Vladislavovna,Zepeda Arias, Maribel,Díaz Rodríguez, Gustavo,Peña Valdovinos, Abel,Muñoz Hernández, Onofre (2009) Atención integral de pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos con participación de enfermeras en medicina familiar. Rev Panam Salud Publica;26(6) 511-517,dic. 2009. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892009001200006
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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