Risk and protective factors associated with gang-involved youth in Trinidad and Tobago
Date
2010Metadata
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Objectives: To examine the prevalence of gang involvement, the risk and protective factors associated with gang involvement, and the association between gang involvement and exposure to multiple risk and protective factors among school-aged youth in Trinidad and Tobago. Methods: A survey instrument was administered to 2 206 students enrolled in 22 high-risk, urban public schools, from March-June 2006. It measured 30 risk factors and 13 protective factors within four domains: community, school, family, and peer-individual, plus levels of alcohol/drug use and delinquency. Results: About 7.7 percent of youth reported being a gang associate; 6.8 percent, a former gang member; and 6.2 percent, a current gang member. Gang involvement was associated with perceived availability of handguns, residential mobility, having parents who favor antisocial behavior, early initiation of antisocial behavior, intention to use drugs, having antisocial peers, and having peers who use drugs. Those with social skills, belief in moral order, and interactions with prosocial peers were significantly less likely to self-report gang membership. Additionally, the probability of gang involvement increased as the number of risk factors increased. Conclusions: Gang membership among public school youth is about as prevalent in Trinidad and Tobago as it is in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, but further research is needed. Although risk factors associated with gang involvement were present in all four domains, peer-individual risk factors were disproportionately likely to be associated with gang status. The most effective gang prevention strategies might be those that focus on multiple risk factors, with an emphasis on peer-individual factors and promoting a "belief in moral order."(AU) Objetivos: Examinar la prevalencia de la participación en pandillas, los factores de riesgo y los factores protectores asociados con la participación en pandillas, y la asociación entre la participación en pandillas y la exposición a diversos factores de riesgo y protectores en los adolescentes en edad escolar en Trinidad y Tabago. Métodos: Entre marzo y junio del 2006 se administró un instrumento de encuesta a 2 206 estudiantes matriculados en 22 escuelas públicas urbanas de alto riesgo. La encuesta medía 30 factores de riesgo y 13 factores protectores en cuatro ámbitos diferentes: la comunidad, la escuela, la familia y los compañeros individuales, además de los niveles de consumo de alcohol o drogas y la delincuencia. Resultados: Cerca de 7,7 por ciento de los adolescentes informaron que pertenecían a una pandilla, 6,8 por ciento, habían sido miembros de una pandilla y 6,2 por ciento lo eran en la actualidad. La participación en una pandilla se asociaba con la percepción de disponibilidad de pistolas, la movilidad residencial, tener padres que aprobaran la conducta antisocial, el inicio temprano de comportamientos antisociales, la intención de consumir drogas, tener compañeros antisociales y tener compañeros consumidores de drogas. Los adolescentes dotados de habilidades sociales, los que creían en un orden moral y los que se relacionaban con compañeros prosociales presentaban de forma significativa menos probabilidades de participación en una pandilla. Además, la probabilidad de participación en una pandilla se incrementaba si aumentaba el número de factores de riesgo. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la participación en pandillas en los adolescentes de las escuelas públicas de Trinidad y Tabago es aproximadamente la misma que la observada en Estados Unidos, Canadá y Europa occidental, pero es necesario ampliar la investigación. Aunque los factores de riesgo asociados con la participación en pandillas estaban presentes en los cuatro...(AU)
Subject
Youth; Adolescent Behavior; Social problems; Mass Behavior; Risk factors; Risk reduction behavior; Trinidad and Tobago; Caribbean Region; Adolescente; Conducta del Adolescente; Problemas Sociales; Conducta de masa; Factores de Riesgo; Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo; Trinidad y Tobago; Región del Caribe; Comportamento do Adolescente; Problemas Sociais; Estudos Transversais; Processos Grupais; Questionários; Fatores de Risco; Comportamento de Redução do Risco; Trinidad e Tobago; População Urbana
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892010000300006https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9710
Citation
Katz, Charles M,Fox, Andrew M (2010) Risk and protective factors associated with gang-involved youth in Trinidad and Tobago. Rev Panam Salud Publica;27(3) 187-202,mar. 2010. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892010000300006
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