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Causes of visual loss and their risk factors: an incidence summary from the Barbados Eye Studies

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Date
2010
Author
Leske, M. Cristina
Wu, Suh-Yuh
Nemesure, Barbara
Hennis, Anselm
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Abstract
Objectives: To summarize incidence and risk factors for each main cause of visual loss in an African-Caribbean population and discuss the implications of these data from a public health perspective. Methods: A nationally representative cohort (n = 4 709; ages 40-84 years at baseline) had ophthalmic and other examinations over 9 years. Incidence rates were estimated by the product-limit approach. Risk factors were evaluated from Cox regression models. Results: Average incidence was ~ 0.1 percent per year for blindness ( 6/120) and 0.7 percent per year for low vision ( 6/18 to 6/120), increasing steeply with age (P 0.05) and affecting related quality of life (P 0.05). Age-related cataract and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) accounted for 73.2 percent of blindness and diabetic retinopathy (DR) for 8.9 percent; cataract caused two-thirds of low vision. Average incidence was 5.1 percent per year for all lens changes (gradable/ungradable opacities or aphakia) and 0.4 percent per year for cataract surgery. Incidence of definite OAG was 0.5 percent per year (0.9 percent for suspect or probable); 53 percent of the affected were unaware. Persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) had a DR incidence of 4.4 percent per year. Age-related macular degeneration was rare (0.08 percent per year). Main cataract risk factors were age and DM. OAG incidence increased with age, intraocular pressure, family history, low ocular perfusion pressures, and thinner corneas. DR risk increased with early DM onset, DM duration, oral/insulin treatment, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and hyperglycemia. Antihypertensive treatment halved DR risk. Conclusions: Incidence of visual impairment was high and significantly affected quality of life. Age-related cataract and OAG caused ~ 75 percent of blindness, indicating the need for public health action to increase appropriate cataract surgery and early OAG detection and treatment. Controlling DM and hypertension would help prevent...(AU)
 
Objetivo: Presentar un resumen de la incidencia y los factores de riesgo de cada causa principal de pérdida de la visión en una población afrocaribeña y examinar las implicaciones de estos datos desde una perspectiva de salud pública. Métodos: En una cohorte representativa al nivel nacional (n = 4 709; edades de 40 a 84 años al inicio) se hicieron exploraciones oftálmicas y de otros tipos durante nueve años. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia mediante el método del producto-límite. Los factores de riesgo se evaluaron mediante modelos de regresión de Cox. Resultados: La incidencia promedio fue ~ 0,1 por ciento al año para la ceguera ( 6/120) y de 0,7 por ciento al año para la visión deficiente ( 6/18 a 6/120), que aumentó de manera pronunciada con la edad (P 0,05) y afectó a la calidad de vida relacionada (P 0,05). Las cataratas y el glaucoma de ángulo abierto relacionados con la edad representaron 73,2 por ciento de los casos de ceguera, y 8,9 por ciento de los casos de retinopatía diabética; las cataratas causaron dos tercios de los casos de visión deficiente. La incidencia media fue de 5,1 por ciento al año en todos los cambios del cristalino (opacidades graduables o no graduables o afaquia), y de 0,4 por ciento al año en la cirugía de cataratas. La incidencia del glaucoma de ángulo abierto definitivo fue de 0,5 por ciento al año (0,9 por ciento en el caso de la sospecha o la probabilidad); 53 por ciento de los pacientes afectados no era conciente. Las personas que padecían diabetes tenían una incidencia de retinopatía diabética de 4,4 por ciento al año. La degeneración macular relacionada con la edad fue muy infrecuente (0,08 por ciento al año). Los principales factores de riesgo de las cataratas fueron la edad y la diabetes. La incidencia de glaucoma de ángulo abierto aumentó con la edad, la presión intraocular, los antecedentes familiares, las presiones bajas de perfusión ocular y el grosor más fino de la córnea. El riesgo de retinopatía...(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;27(4),abr. 2010
Subject
Vision Disorders; Vision, Low; Incidence; Risk factors; Barbados; Trastornos de la visión; Baja visión; Incidencia; Factores de Riesgo; Barbados; Cegueira; Transtornos da Visão; Barbados; Cegueira; Cegueira; Catarata; Catarata; Extração de Catarata; Estudos de Coortes; Comorbidade; Complicações do Diabetes; Complicações do Diabetes; Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto; Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto; Hiperglicemia; Hipertensão; Incidência; Prevalência; Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais; Qualidade de Vida; Fatores de Risco; Amostragem; Transtornos da Visão; Transtornos da Visão
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892010000400004
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9699
Citation
Leske, M. Cristina,Wu, Suh-Yuh,Nemesure, Barbara,Hennis, Anselm (2010) Causes of visual loss and their risk factors: an incidence summary from the Barbados Eye Studies. Rev Panam Salud Publica;27(4) 259-267,apr. 2010. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892010000400004
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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