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Encuesta nacional de ceguera y deficiencia visual evitables en Honduras

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Date
2014
Author
Alvarado, Doris
Rivera, Belinda
Lagos, Luis
Ochoa, Mayra
Starkman, Ivette
Castillo, Mariela
Flores, Eduardo
Lansingh, Van C.
Limburg, Hans
Silva, Juan Carlos
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Abstract
OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de ceguera y deficiencia visual en Honduras, sus causas y la respuesta que los servicios de salud están dando a la creciente demanda. MÉTODOS: Estudio poblacional transversal realizado entre junio y diciembre de 2013 mediante la metodología estándar de evaluación rápida de ceguera evitable. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio en 63 conglomerados de 50 personas de 50 años o más, representativo de todo el país. Se evaluó la agudeza visual (AV) mediante una cartilla de Snellen y el estado del cristalino y del polo posterior por oftalmoscopía directa. Se calculó la cobertura de cirugía de catarata y se evaluó su calidad, las causas de tener AV 20/60 y las barreras para acceder al tratamiento quirúrgico. RESULTADOS: Se examinaron 2 999 personas (95,2% del total previsto). La prevalencia de ceguera fue de 1,9% (intervalo de confianza de 95%: 1,4-2,4%) y 82,2% de esos casos era evitable. La catarata no operada fue la causa principal de ceguera (59,2%), seguida del glaucoma (21,1%). Los errores de refracción no corregidos fueron la principal causa de deficiencia visual, tanto severa (19,7%) como moderada (58,6%). La cobertura de cirugía de catarata fue de 75,2%. De los ojos operados de catarata, 62,5% alcanzó una AV ≥ 20/60 con la corrección disponible. Las principales barreras para someterse a la cirugía de catarata fueron el costo (27,7%) y la falta de disponibilidad o de acceso geográfico al tratamiento (24,6%). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de ceguera y deficiencia visual en Honduras es similar a la de otros países latinoamericanos. Mejorar la capacidad resolutiva de los servicios oftalmológicos, especialmente de cirugía de catarata, desarrollar los servicios ópticos y la atención ocular incorporada en la atención primaria en salud, podrían resolver el 67% de los casos de ceguera.(AU)
 
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Honduras, its causes and the response by the health services to growing demand. METHODS: A cross-sectional population study was conducted between June and December 2013 using the standard methodology of the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness. A random sample survey was done in 63 clusters of 50 individuals aged ≥ 50, representative of the country as a whole. Visual acuity (VA) was assessed using a Snellen eye chart, and the condition of the lens and posterior pole was examined by direct ophthalmoscopy. Cataract surgical coverage was calculated and an assessment made of its quality, the causes of VA 20/60 and the barriers to accessing surgical treatment. RESULTS: A total of 2 999 people were examined (95.2% of the forecast total). Blindness prevalence was 1.9% (confidence interval of 95%: 1.4-2.4%) and 82.2% of these cases were avoidable. The main causes of blindness were unoperated cataracts (59.2%) and glaucoma (21.1%). Uncorrected refraction error was the main cause of severe (19.7%) and moderate (58.6%) visual impairment. Cataract surgical coverage was 75.2%. 62.5% of the eyes operated for cataracts achieved a VA > 20/60 with available correction. The main barriers against cataract surgery were cost (27.7%) and the lack of availability or difficulty of geographical access to the treatment (24.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Honduras is similar to that of other Latin American countries. 67% of cases of blindness could be resolved by improving the response capacity of the ophthalmological services, especially of cataract surgery, improving optician services and incorporating eye care in primary health care.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;36(5),nov. 2014
Subject
Salud ocular; Prevalencia; Ceguera; Catarata; Baja visión; Errores de Refracción; Glaucoma; Retinopatía diabética; Honduras; Eye Health; Prevalence; Blindness; Cataract; Vision; Low; Refractive errors; Glaucoma; Diabetic Retinopathy; Honduras
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892014001000003
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9625
Citation
Alvarado, Doris,Rivera, Belinda,Lagos, Luis,Ochoa, Mayra,Starkman, Ivette,Castillo, Mariela,Flores, Eduardo,Lansingh, Van C.,Limburg, Hans,Silva, Juan Carlos (2014) Encuesta nacional de ceguera y deficiencia visual evitables en Honduras. Rev Panam Salud Publica;36(5) 300-305,nov. 2014. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892014001000003
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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