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Asthma cases in childhood attributed to atopy in tropical area in Brazil

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Date
2010
Author
Cunha, Sergio Souza da
Barreto, Mauricio Lima
Fiaccone, Rosemeire Leovigildo
Cooper, Philip J
Alcantara-Neves, Neuza Maria
Simões, Silvia de Magalhães
Cruz, Álvaro Augusto
Rodrigues, Laura Cunha
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between asthma and atopy in a cohort of children living in a large urban center in Brazil. Atopy was defined by the presence of allergen-specific IgE in serum or by a positive skin prick test. METHODS: In a sample of 1 445 Brazilian children, the association between the prevalence of asthma, skin prick test positivity, and allergen-specific IgE in serum was investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence of asthma was 22.6 percent. The presence of serum allergen-specific IgE was frequent in asthmatics and nonasthmatics, and the prevalence of asthma increased only with levels of allergen-specific IgE 3.5 kilounits/L. The proportion of asthma attributable to atopy was estimated to be 24.5 percent when atopy was defined by the presence of allergen-specific IgE. With a given level of specific IgE, no association between skin test reactivity and asthma was observed. Skin prick tests were less sensitive than specific IgE for detection of atopy. CONCLUSIONS: Most asthma cases in an urban underprivileged setting in Brazil were not attributable to atopy. This observation has important implications for understanding the risk factors for the asthma epidemic in Latin America.(AU)
 
OBJETIVO: Explorar la relación entre el asma y la atopia en una cohorte de niños que viven en un gran centro urbano de Brasil. En este estudio, se considera atopia la detección de IgE sérica específica de algún alérgeno o un resultado positivo a la prueba de punción cutánea. MÉTODOS: Se estudió la relación entre la prevalencia del asma, el resultado positivo a la prueba de punción cutánea y la detección de IgE sérica específica de algún alérgeno en una muestra de 1 445 niños brasileños. RESULTADOS: El asma registró una prevalencia de 22,6 por ciento. La presencia de IgE séricas específicas de alérgenos fue frecuente tanto en los asmáticos como en los no asmáticos, y la prevalencia del asma fue mayor solo cuando el valor detectado de la IgE específica del alérgeno era 3,5 kilounidades/litro. Se calculó que la atopia definida como la detección de IgE específicas de alérgenos es responsable de 24,5 por ciento de los casos de asma. No se observó ninguna relación entre la reactividad a la prueba de punción cutánea y el asma en función de los valores de IgE específicas. La prueba de punción cutánea es menos sensible que la detección de IgE específicas en lo que respecta al diagnóstico de atopia. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los casos de asma que se registran en entornos urbanos desfavorecidos de Brasil no son atribuibles a atopia. Esta observación tiene implicaciones importantes en lo que respecta a la comprensión de los factores de riesgo que predisponen a la epidemia de asma en América Latina.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;28(6),dic. 2010
Subject
Asthma; Atopic Hypersensitivity; Child; Brazil; Asma; Hipersensibilidad Inmediata; Niño; Brasil; Asma; Hipersensibilidade Imediata; Alérgenos; Especificidade de Anticorpos; Asma; Asma; Brasil; Hipersensibilidade Imediata; Hipersensibilidade Imediata; Imunoglobulina E; Áreas de Pobreza; Prevalência; Fatores de Risco; Sensibilidade e Especificidade; Testes Cutâneos; Clima Tropical; População Urbana
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892010001200001
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9607
Citation
Cunha, Sergio Souza da,Barreto, Mauricio Lima,Fiaccone, Rosemeire Leovigildo,Cooper, Philip J,Alcantara-Neves, Neuza Maria,Simões, Silvia de Magalhães,Cruz, Álvaro Augusto,Rodrigues, Laura Cunha (2010) Asthma cases in childhood attributed to atopy in tropical area in Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica;28(6) 405-411,dec. 2010. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892010001200001
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