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Costo de oportunidad en hombres que acuden a las unidades de medicina familiar en la ciudad de Querétaro, México

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Date
2010
Author
Martínez Carranza, Edith Olimpia
Villarreal Ríos, Enrique
Vargas Daza, Emma Rosa
Galicia Rodríguez, Liliana
Martínez González, Lidia
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Abstract
OBJETIVO: Determinar el costo de oportunidad en hombres que solicitan atención en las unidades de medicina familiar (UMF) del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en la ciudad de Querétaro. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionó una muestra de 807 hombres de 20 a 59 años de edad que solicitaban atención en los servicios de medicina familiar, laboratorio y farmacia, proporcionados por UMF del IMSS en Querétaro. Se excluyeron los pacientes referidos a urgencias y los que se retiraron sin recibir atención. La muestra (n = 807) se calculó mediante la fórmula de promedios para población infinita, con un intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento (IC95 por ciento) y un costo de oportunidad promedio de US$ 5,5 para medicina familiar, US$ 3,1 para laboratorio y de US$ 2,3 para farmacia. Las estimaciones incluyeron el tiempo invertido en traslado, espera y atención; el número de acompañantes, y el costo del minuto para la actividad remunerada y no remunerada. El costo de oportunidad se calculó a través del costo por minuto estimado para traslado, espera y atención de pacientes y acompañantes. RESULTADOS: El costo de oportunidad correspondiente al traslado del paciente se estimó en US$ 0,97 (IC95 por ciento: 0,81-1,15), mientras que el de espera fue de US$ 5,03 (IC95 por ciento: 4,08-6,09) en medicina familiar, US$ 0,06 (IC95 por ciento: 0,05-0,08) en farmacia y US$ 1,89 (IC95 por ciento: 1,56- 2,25) en laboratorio. El costo de oportunidad promedio cuando el paciente acudió sin compañía osciló entre US$ 1,10 para el servicio de farmacia solo y US$ 8,64 para medicina familiar, farmacia y laboratorio. El costo de oportunidad ponderado para medicina familiar fue de US$ 6,24. CONCLUSIONES: Dado que el costo de oportunidad de los hombres que demandan servicios en las unidades de medicina familiar corresponde a más de la mitad de un salario mínimo, desde el enfoque institucional correspondería establecer si esa es la mejor alternativa de atención.(AU)
 
OBJECTIVE: To determine the opportunity cost for men who seek care in the family medicine units (FMU) of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social) in the city of Querétaro. METHODS: A sample was selected of 807 men, ages 20 to 59 years, who sought care through the family medicine, laboratory, and pharmacy services provided by the FMU at the IMSS in Querétaro. Patients referred for emergency services and those who left the facilities without receiving care were excluded. The sample (n = 807) was calculated using the averages for an infinite population formula, with a confidence interval of 95 percent (CI95 percent) and an average opportunity cost of US$5.5 for family medicine, US$3.1 for laboratory services, and US$2.3 for pharmacy services. Estimates included the amount of time spent on travel, waiting, and receiving care; the number of people accompanying the patient, and the cost per minute of paid and unpaid job activities. The opportunity cost was calculated using the estimated cost per minute for travel, waiting, and receiving care for patients and their companions. RESULTS: The opportunity cost for the patient travel was estimated at US$0.97 (CI95 percent: 0.81-1.15), while wait time was US$5.03 (CI95 percent: 4.08-6.09) for family medicine, US$0.06 (CI95 percent: 0.05-0.08) for pharmacy services, and US$1.89 (CI95 percent: 1.56-2.25) for laboratory services. The average opportunity cost for an unaccompanied patient visit varied between US$1.10 for pharmacy services alone and US$8.64 for family medicine, pharmacy, and laboratory services. The weighted opportunity cost for family medicine was US$6.24. CONCLUSIONS: Given that the opportunity cost for men who seek services in FMU corresponds to more than half of a minimum salary, it should be examined from an institutional perspective whether this is the best alternative for care.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;28(6),dic. 2010
Subject
Análisis de Costo-Beneficio; Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria; Salud del hombre; Mexico; Cost-benefit analysis; Family Practice; Men's health; Mexico; Serviços de Saúde Comunitária; Custos e Análise de Custo; Medicina de Família e Comunidade; Previdência Social; Serviços de Saúde Comunitária; Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia; Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia; Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença; Medicina de Família e Comunidade; Gastos em Saúde; Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde; Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico; Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico; Mexico; Salários e Benefícios; Previdência Social; Previdência Social; Fatores Socioeconômicos; Viagem; População Urbana
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892010001200007
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9597
Citation
Martínez Carranza, Edith Olimpia,Villarreal Ríos, Enrique,Vargas Daza, Emma Rosa,Galicia Rodríguez, Liliana,Martínez González, Lidia (2010) Costo de oportunidad en hombres que acuden a las unidades de medicina familiar en la ciudad de Querétaro, México. Rev Panam Salud Publica;28(6) 456-462,dic. 2010. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892010001200007
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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