Deinstitutionalization and attitudes toward mental illness in Jamaica: a qualitative study
Date
2011Metadata
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OBJECTIVE: To consider whether or not deinstitutionalization and the integration of community mental health care with primary health care services have reduced stigma toward mental illness in Jamaica. METHODS: A qualitative study of 20 focus groups, with a total of 159 participants grouped by shared sociodemographic traits. Results were analyzed using ATLAS.ti software. RESULTS: Participant narratives showed that stigma had transitioned from negative to positive, from avoidance and fear of violent behavior during the period of deinstitutionalization to feelings of compassion and kindness as community mental health services were integrated with Jamaica's primary health care system. The Bellevue Mental Hospital and homelessness were identified as major causes of stigma. CONCLUSIONS: Attitudes toward the mentally ill have improved and stigma has decreased since the increase of community involvement with the mentally ill. This reduction in stigma seems to be a result of the rigorous deinstitutionalization process and the development of a robust community mental health service in Jamaica.(AU) OBJETIVO. Evaluar si el externamiento psiquiátrico y la integración de los servicios comunitarios de salud mental con los servicios de atención primaria de salud han reducido el estigma respecto de las enfermedades mentales en Jamaica. MÉTODOS. Estudio cualitativo de 20 grupos de opinión con un total de 159 participantes agrupados según sus características sociodemográficas. Se analizaron los resultados con el software ATLAS.ti. RESULTADOS: Los relatos de los participantes revelaron que, cuando los servicios comunitarios de salud mental se integraron con el sistema de atención primaria de salud de Jamaica, el estigma había pasado de negativo a positivo y de la evitación y el temor a un comportamiento violento durante el período de externamiento a sentimientos de compasión y amabilidad. Las principales causas de estigma identificadas fueron el modelo de atención del hospital mental Bellevue y vivir en las calles. CONCLUSIONES: Las actitudes hacia los enfermos mentales han mejorado y el estigma ha disminuido desde que aumentó la relación de la comunidad con los pacientes. Esta reducción del estigma parece deberse al proceso riguroso de externamiento psiquiátrico y al desarrollo de un servicio comunitario de salud mental sólido en Jamaica.(AU)
Subject
Attitude to Health; Mental disorders; Community mental health services; Deinstitutionalization; Jamaica; Actitud Frente a la Salud; Trastornos mentales; Servicios comunitarios de salud mental; Desinstitucionalización; Jamaica; Atitude Frente a Saúde; Desinstitucionalização; Transtornos Mentais; Estigma Social; Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental; Desumanização; Empatia; Medo; Grupos Focais; Moradores de Rua; Hospitais Psiquiátricos; Jamaica; Transtornos Mentais; Atenção Primária à Saúde
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892011000300004https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9556
Citation
Hickling, Frederick W,Robertson-Hickling, Hilary,Paisley, Vanessa (2011) Deinstitutionalization and attitudes toward mental illness in Jamaica: a qualitative study. Rev Panam Salud Publica;29(3) 169-176,mar. 2011. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892011000300004
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