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Chronic kidney disease among children in Guatemala

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Date
2014
Author
Cerón, Alejandro
Fort, Meredith P.
Morine, Chris M.
Lou-Meda, Randall
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Guatemala, estimate incidence and prevalence of pediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and estimate time to progress to ESRD. METHODS: This study analyzed the registry of the only pediatric nephrology center in Guatemala, from 2004-2013. Incidence and prevalence were calculated for annual periods. Moran's index for spatial autocorrelation was used to determine significance of geographic distribution of incidence. Time to progress to ESRD and associated risk factors were calculated with multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 1 545 patients from birth to less than 20 years of age, 432 had chronic renal failure (CRF). Prevalence and incidence of ESRD were 4.9 and 4.6 per million age-related population, respectively. Incidence was higher for the Pacific coast and Guatemala City. The cause of CRF was undetermined in 43% of patients. Average time to progress to ESRD was 21.9 months; factors associated with progression were: older age, diagnosis of glomerulopathies, and advanced-stage CKD at consultation. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence and incidence of ESRD in Guatemala are lower than in other countries. This may reflect poor access to diagnosis. Areas with higher incidence and large proportion of CKD of undetermined cause are compatible with other studies from the geographic subregion. Findings on progression to ESRD may reflect delayed referral.(AU)
 
OBJETIVO: Describir la distribución de enfermedad renal crónica en niños en Guatemala, y calcular la incidencia y la prevalencia de nefropatía terminal en niños, así como el tiempo de progresión hasta la nefropatía terminal. MÉTODOS: Este estudio analizó el registro del único centro de nefrología pediátrica de Guatemala, del 2004 al 2013. La incidencia y la prevalencia se calcularon por períodos anuales. Se utilizó el índice de Moran como medida de la autocorrelación espacial con objeto de determinar la significación de la distribución geográfica de la incidencia. El tiempo de progresión a la nefropatía terminal, así como los factores de riesgo asociados, se calcularon mediante la regresión de Cox de variables múltiples. RESULTADOS: De 1 545 pacientes menores de 20 años, 432 padecían insuficiencia renal crónica. La prevalencia y la incidencia de nefropatía terminal fueron de 4,9 y 4,6 por millón de habitantes de esa misma edad, respectivamente. La incidencia fue mayor en la costa del Pacífico y en la Ciudad de Guatemala. En 43% de los pacientes la causa de la insuficiencia renal crónica era indeterminada. El tiempo promedio de progresión a una nefropatía terminal fue de 21,9 meses; los factores asociados con esa progresión fueron: la edad mayor, el diagnóstico de glomerulopatía y la enfermedad renal crónica en etapa avanzada en el momento de la consulta. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia y la incidencia de la nefropatía terminal en Guatemala son inferiores a las de otros países. Ello podría reflejar un acceso limitado al diagnóstico. La mayor incidencia y la amplia proporción de enfermedad renal crónica de causa indeterminada en algunas zonas son compatibles con las de otros estudios de la subregión geográfica. Los resultados en cuanto a progresión a una nefropatía terminal podrían ser el reflejo de la tardanza en la derivación.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;36(6),dic. 2014
Subject
Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure; Chronic; Renal insufficiency; Chronic; Risk factors; Child Health; Epidemiology; Guatemala; Enfermedades Renales; Fallo Renal Crónico; Insuficiencia Renal Crónica; Factores de Riesgo; Salud del niño; Epidemiología; Guatemala
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892014001100004
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9503
Citation
Cerón, Alejandro,Fort, Meredith P.,Morine, Chris M.,Lou-Meda, Randall (2014) Chronic kidney disease among children in Guatemala. Rev Panam Salud Publica;36(6) 376-382,dec. 2014. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892014001100004
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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