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Continuo de conductas alimentarias de riesgo en adolescentes de México

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Date
2011
Author
Martínez, Martha Betzaida Altamirano
Lamotte, Barbara Vizmanos
Santoncini, Claudia Unikel
Metadata
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Abstract
OBJETIVO: Determinar las relaciones existentes entre las variables autoestima (AU), insatisfacción corporal (IC) e índice de masa corporal (IMC) en un continuo de conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR) que abarque desde la normalidad hasta el riesgo de trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA), facilitando así la detección temprana de adolescentes con manifestaciones de TCA y el grado en que influyen dichas variables. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron 1 982 mujeres de 15 a 19 a±os de edad, de acuerdo con un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se midió la AU (escala de Pope, McHale y Craighead), la IC ("Escala anßloga de figuras corporales" de Stunkard) y el IMC. Se administró un cuestionario breve de CAR. Se definieron tres categorías de CAR: sin riesgo, riesgo moderado y riesgo alto. Se realizó la prueba de regresión multinomial. RESULTADOS: Se encontró una relación directa entre el riesgo de CAR y la IC, con diferencias significativas entre grupos (P 0,001): sin riesgo (83,6 por ciento de la muestra) 54,1 por ciento presentaron IC; con riesgo moderado (11,9 por ciento de la muestra) 84,8 por ciento presentaron IC, y de riesgo alto (4,5 por ciento de la muestra) 89,9 por ciento presentaron IC. En AU e IMC solo hubo diferencias significativas entre el grupo sin riesgo y cada uno de los grupos de riesgo. La AU participó en la predicción de CAR en todos los modelos de regresión evaluados, mientras que el IMC no lo hizo. CONCLUSIONES: Es perentorio identificar adolescentes en riesgo moderado de CAR que revelen características prodrómicas de TCA, como baja AU e IC, las cuales, cuando se presentan de forma conjunta, pueden mediar un efecto negativo del IMC sobre las CAR.(AU)
 
OBJECTIVE: Determine the relationship between the variables of self-esteem (SE), body dissatisfaction (BD), and body mass index (BMI) in a continuum of risky eating behaviors (REB) that ranges from normal behavior to the risk of eating disorders (ED), thus facilitating early detection of adolescents with ED symptomatology and the degree to which such variables have an influence. METHODS: A total of 1 982 young women aged 15-19 were selected through stratified random sampling. Self-esteem (Pope, McHale, and Craighead scale), body dissatisfaction (Stunkard's Figure Rating Scale), and body mass index were measured. A brief REB questionnaire was administered. Three categories of REB were defined: no risk, moderate risk, and high risk. A multiple regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: A direct relationship was found between risk of REB and BD, with significant differences between the groups (P 0.001): no risk (83.6 percent of sample), 54.1 percent had BD; moderate risk (11.9 percent of sample), 84.8 percent had BD; and high risk (4.5 percent of sample), 89.9 percent had BD. There were significant differences in SE and BMI only between the group with no risk and each of the risk groups. Self-esteem played a role in predicting REB in all the regression models evaluated, whereas BMI did not. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to identify adolescents at moderate risk of REB who have prodromic features of ED such as low SE and BD. When these features occur simultaneously, they can mediate a negative effect of BMI on REB.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;30(5),nov. 2011
Subject
Conducta Alimentaria; Salud del Adolescente; Autoestima; Indice de masa corporal; Imagen Corporal; Factores de Riesgo; Obesidad; Sobrepeso; Mexico; Eating Behaivor; Adolescent Health; Self esteem; Body Mass Index; Body image; Risk factors; Obesity; Overweight; Mexico; Comportamento do Adolescente; Transtornos da Alimentação; Comportamento Alimentar; Imagem Corporal; Índice de Massa Corporal; Autoavaliação Diagnóstica; Diagnóstico Precoce; Transtornos da Alimentação; Comportamento Alimentar; Hábitos; Mexico; Sobrepeso; Amostragem; Autoimagem; Autorrelato
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892011001100001
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9450
Citation
Martínez, Martha Betzaida Altamirano,Lamotte, Barbara Vizmanos,Santoncini, Claudia Unikel (2011) Continuo de conductas alimentarias de riesgo en adolescentes de México. Rev Panam Salud Publica;30(5) 401-407,nov. 2011. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892011001100001
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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