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Encuesta nacional de ceguera y deficiencia visual evitable en Argentina, 2013

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Date
2015
Author
Barrenechea, Rosario
la Fuente, Inés de
Plaza, Roberto Gustavo
Flores, Nadia
Segovia, Lía
Villagómez, Zaida
Camarero, Esteban Elián
Zepeda-Romero, Luz Consuelo
Lansingh, Van C.
Limburg, Hans
Silva, Juan Carlos
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Abstract
Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de ceguera y deficiencia visual evitable en Argentina, sus causas, la cobertura de cirugía de catarata y las barreras que impiden acceder a esos servicios. Métodos. Estudio poblacional transversal realizado entre mayo y noviembre de 2013 mediante la metodología estándar de evaluación rápida de ceguera evitable. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados de 50 personas de 50 años de edad o más, representativo de todo el país. A los participantes se les midió la agudeza visual (AV) y se examinó el cristalino y el polo posterior por oftalmoscopía directa. Se evaluaron las causas de tener AV 20/60, la cobertura de cirugía de catarata y su calidad, y las barreras para acceder a ese tratamiento. Resultados. Se evaluaron 3 770 personas (92,0% de lo previsto). La prevalencia de ceguera fue de 0,7% (intervalo de confianza de 95%: 0,4-1,0%). La catarata no operada fue la principal causa de ceguera y deficiencia visual severa (44,0% y 71,1%, respectivamente), mientras que de la deficiencia visual moderada fueron los errores de refracción no corregidos (77,8%). La cobertura de cirugía de catarata fue de 97,1%, y 82,0% de los ojos operados lograron una AV &#8805 20/60. Las principales barreras para someterse a este tratamiento fueron el temor a la cirugía o a un mal resultado (34,9%), el costo (30,2%) y no tener acceso al tratamiento (16,3%). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de ceguera en la población estudiada es baja y la catarata es la principal causa de ceguera y deficiencia visual severa. Se debe continuar aumentando la cobertura de cirugía de catarata, perfeccionar la evaluación preoperatoria, hacer un cálculo más adecuado del lente intraocular que necesita el paciente y corregir con mayor precisión los defectos refractivos postoperatorios.(AU)
 
Objective. Determine the prevalence of blindness and avoidable visual impairment in Argentina, its causes, the coverage of cataract surgery, and the barriers that hinder access to these services. Methods. Cross-sectional population study conducted between May and November 2013 using the standard methodology for rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB), with a random cluster sampling of 50 people aged 50 years or more, ­representative of the entire country. Participants' visual acuity (VA) was measured and the lens and posterior pole were examined by direct ophthalmoscopy. An assessment was made of the causes of having VA 20/60, the coverage and quality of cataract surgery, and the barriers to accessing treatment. Results. 3 770 people were assessed (92.0% of the projected number). The prevalence of blindness was 0.7% (confidence interval of 95%: 0.4-1.0%). Unoperated cataract was the main cause of blindness and severe visual impairment (44.0% and 71.1%, respectively), while the main cause of moderate visual impairment was uncorrected refractive errors (77.8%). Coverage of cataract surgery was of 97.1%, and 82.0% of operated eyes achieved VA &#8805 20/60. The main barriers to receiving this treatment were fear of the surgical procedure or of a poor result (34.9%), the cost (30.2%), and not having access to the treatment (16.3%). Conclusions. There is a low prevalence of blindness in the studied population and cataract is the main cause of blindness and severe visual impairment. Efforts should continue to extend coverage of cataract surgery, enhance preoperative evaluation, improve calculations of the intraocular lenses that patients need, and correct post­operative refractive errors with greater precision.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;37(1),ene. 2015
Subject
Salud ocular; Ceguera; Catarata; Baja visión; Errores de Refracción; Glaucoma; Retinopatía diabética; Argentina; Eye Health; Vision, Low; Refractive errors; Glaucoma; Diabetic Retinopathy; Argentina; Atividades Cotidianas; Crianças com Deficiência; Crianças com Deficiência; Educação Especial; Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências; Terapia Ocupacional; Avaliação de Resultados (Cuidados de Saúde); Relações Pais-Filho
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892015000100002
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9437
Citation
Barrenechea, Rosario,la Fuente, Inés de,Plaza, Roberto Gustavo,Flores, Nadia,Segovia, Lía,Villagómez, Zaida,Camarero, Esteban Elián,Zepeda-Romero, Luz Consuelo,Lansingh, Van C.,Limburg, Hans,Silva, Juan Carlos (2015) Encuesta nacional de ceguera y deficiencia visual evitable en Argentina, 2013. Rev Panam Salud Publica;37(1) 7-12,ene. 2015. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892015000100002
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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