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Epidemiología de las consultas pediátricas respiratorias en Santiago de Chile desde 1993 a 2009

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Date
2012
Author
Astudillo, Pedro
Mancilla, Pedro
Olmos, Claudio
Reyes, Álvaro
Metadata
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Abstract
OBJETIVO: El presente trabajo se propone describir la metodología de análisis y la distribución global de las consultas de morbilidad -particularmente las de tipo respiratorio- en menores de 15 años de edad de la ciudad Santiago de Chile, Chile, con el objetivo de conocer sus diferencias según grupos etarios, su comportamiento estacional y su evolución a lo largo de los años. MÉTODOS: Se investigó la distribución de las consultas de morbilidad pediátrica (CP) -en especial las respiratorias- y su evolución en un período de 17 años. En siete centros centinela de Santiago de Chile se recolectó prospectivamente información diaria de todas las CP, agrupadas en infecciones no respiratorias e infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA). RESULTADOS: Entre enero de 1993 y diciembre de 2009 se registraron 1 947 477 CP, de las cuales 1 188 029 (61,0%) fueron por causa respiratoria: 656 567 (33,7%) por enfermedad respiratoria aguda de vía aérea baja (IRAb), 418 932 (21,5%) por síndrome bronquial obstructivo (SBO) y 48 669 (2,5%) por neumonía. Neumonía y SBO fueron más frecuentes en menores de 5 años. Las IRAb, SBO y neumonía presentaron una significativa tendencia a la disminución durante el período observado. Las IRA constituyen la primera causa de CP en atención primaria de salud y el SBO es la primera causa específica de consulta pediátrica. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados enfatizan la necesidad de asignar o redestinar recursos en programas de promoción, educación, prevención y tratamiento de estas enfermedades, con la debida focalización que determina su variación estacional.(AU)
 
OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the analytical methodology and overall distribution of these consultations-particularly respiratory consultations-for children under 15 years of age in Santiago de Chile, Chile. The aim is to understand differences by age groups, as well as seasonal trends and trends over the years. METHODS: The research covered the distribution of consultations and their evolution over a period of 17 years. Information was collected on a daily basis from all pediatric consultations, grouped into nonrespiratory and acute respiratory categories, in seven sentinel centers of Santiago de Chile. RESULTS: Between January 1993 and December 2009, 1 947 477 cases of pediatric illnesses were recorded, of which 1 188 029 (61.0%) were for respiratory causes. Of those, 656 567 (33.7%) were for acute lower respiratory tract illnesses, 418 932 (21.5%) were for broncho-obstructive syndrome, and 48 669 (2.5%) were for pneumonia. Pneumonia and broncho-obstructive syndrome were more frequent in children under age 5. Lower respiratory tract illnesses, broncho-obstructive syndrome, and pneumonia showed a significant downward trend during the period observed. Lower respiratory tract illnesses are the leading cause of pediatric morbidity in primary health care, while broncho-obstructive syndrome is the leading specific reason for pediatric consultations. CONCLUSIONS: These results point to the need to allocate or reallocate resources for programs for promotion, education, prevention, and treatment of these illnesses with the targeting necessary to address seasonal variations.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;32(1),jul. 2012
Subject
Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio; Vigilancia Epidemiológica; Pediatría; Salud del niño, Chile; Respiratory tract infections; Epidemiological surveillance; Pediatrics; Child Health; Chile; Visita a Consultório Médico; Pediatria; Referência e Consulta; Doenças Respiratórias; Vigilância de Evento Sentinela; Chile; Centros Comunitários de Saúde; Centros Comunitários de Saúde; Promoção da Saúde; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Estudos Prospectivos; Sistema de Registros; Alocação de Recursos; Doenças Respiratórias; População Urbana
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892012000700009
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9291
Citation
Astudillo, Pedro,Mancilla, Pedro,Olmos, Claudio,Reyes, Álvaro (2012) Epidemiología de las consultas pediátricas respiratorias en Santiago de Chile desde 1993 a 2009. Rev Panam Salud Publica;32(1) 56-61,jul. 2012. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892012000700009
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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