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Adolescent mental and physical health in the English-speaking Caribbean

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Date
2012
Author
Pilgrim, Nanlesta A.
Blum, Robert W.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, a multisystem framework, was used to identify risk and protective factors associated with adolescent mental and physical health (AMPH) in the English-speaking Caribbean. METHODS: A structured literature review, using the online databases of Medline, PsychInfo, and Scopus, was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies published between January 1998 and July 2011 focused on adolescents ages 10-19 years. RESULTS: Sixty-eight articles were examined: 40 on adolescent mental health (AMH), 27 on adolescent physical health (APH), and 1 on both topics. Key individual factors included gender and age. Religiosity and engagement in other risk behaviors were associated with AMH, while the presence of other chronic illnesses affected APH. Significant determinants of AMH in the microsystem included family and school connectedness, family structure, and socioeconomic status. Maternal obesity, parental education, and school environment influenced APH. Studies that investigated macrosystem factors reported few consistent findings related to AMPH. A history of family mental health problems and physical and sexual abuse was significantly associated with AMH in the chronosystem, while a family history of diabetes and low birth weight were associated with APH. Studies did not examine the exosystem or the mesosystem. CONCLUSIONS: AMPH in the English-speaking Caribbean is affected by a variety factors in developing adolescents and their surroundings. Gender, family, and early exposure to negative environments are salient factors influencing AMPH and present potential avenues for prevention and intervention. A fuller understanding of AMPH in this region, however, requires scientifically rigorous studies that incorporate a multisystem approach.(AU)
 
OBJETIVO: Se empleó la teoría de sistemas ecológicos de Bronfenbrenner, un marco conceptual multisistémico, para identificar los factores de riesgo y de protección asociados con la salud mental y física de los adolescentes en el Caribe de habla inglesa. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica estructurada usando las bases de datos en línea MEDLINE, PsychInfo y Scopus, para identificar estudios con revisión externa publicados entre enero de 1998 y julio del 2011 centrados en adolescentes de 10 a 19 años. RESULTADO: Se examinaron 68 artículos: 40 sobre salud mental en adolescentes, 27 sobre salud física en adolescentes y 1 sobre ambos temas. Los factores individuales clave incluyeron el sexo y la edad. La religiosidad y la participación en otros comportamientos de riesgo se asociaron con la salud mental, mientras que la presencia de otras enfermedades crónicas afectó a la salud física. Los determinantes significativos de la salud mental en el microsistema incluyeron la vinculación con la familia y la escuela, la estructura familiar y la situación socioeconómica. La obesidad materna, la educación parental y el ambiente escolar influyeron en la salud física. Los estudios que investigaron los factores del macrosistema informaron pocos resultados consistentes relacionados con la salud mental y física en los adolescentes. Los antecedentes familiares de problemas de salud mental, y el maltrato físico y el abuso sexual presentaron una asociación significativa con la salud mental en el cronosistema, mientras que los antecedentes familiares de diabetes y peso bajo al nacer se asociaron con la salud física. Los estudios no examinaron el exosistema o el mesosistema. CONCLUSIONES: La salud mental y física de los adolescentes en el Caribe de habla inglesa está afectada por varios factores de su desarrollo y su entorno. El género, la familia y la exposición temprana a un entorno negativo son factores destacados que influyen en la salud mental y física de los adolescentes y representan posibles caminos para la prevención y la intervención. No obstante, para alcanzar una comprensión más integral de la salud mental y física de los adolescentes en esta región se requieren estudios científicamente rigurosos que incorporen un enfoque multisistémico.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;32(1),jul. 2012
Subject
Adolescent Health; Mental health; Exercise; Body Weight; Risk factors; Caribbean Region; Salud del Adolescente; Salud Mental; Ejercicio; Peso corporal; Región del Caribe; Comportamento do Adolescente; Psicologia do Adolescente; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2; Hipertensão; Transtornos Mentais; Região do Caribe; Bases de Dados Bibliográficas; Depressão; Transtornos da Alimentação; Família; Projetos de Pesquisa; Assunção de Riscos; Fatores Socioeconômicos; Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias; Tentativa de Suicídio; Violência
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892012000700010
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9290
Citation
Pilgrim, Nanlesta A.,Blum, Robert W. (2012) Adolescent mental and physical health in the English-speaking Caribbean. Rev Panam Salud Publica;32(1) 62-69,july 2012. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892012000700010
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