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Leyes de violencia de género y sexismo publicitario: análisis comparativo de Argentina, España, Estados Unidos y México

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Date
2013
Author
Martín-Llaguno, Marta
Navarro-Beltrá, Marián
Metadata
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Abstract
OBJETIVO: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue valorar, a través de los anuncios publicitarios seleccionados de cuatro países -Argentina, España, Estados Unidos y México- el impacto de las normas sobre violencia de género en la incidencia del sexismo y los sesgos de género en la publicidad. MÉTODOS: Análisis de contenido de 163 anuncios: 69 españoles, 16 mexicanos, 50 argentinos y 28 estadounidenses. Para realizar el análisis se recabaron datos sobre la presencia de cuerpos desvinculados del producto promocionado, la presentación estereotípica de hombres y mujeres y los sesgos de género en las publicidades de Argentina, España, Estados Unidos y México. RESULTADOS: En relación con los estereotipos, (i) en los anuncios considerados de Argentina (P = 0,000), España (P = 0,000) y México (P = 0,011) se ubica preferentemente a los hombres frente a las mujeres en la esfera pública; (ii) hay más anuncios que muestran hombres que mujeres ejerciendo profesiones neutras (Argentina, P = 0,004; España, P = 0,000 y México, P = 0,025); y (iii) se los representa como trabajadores y usuarios en mayor proporción de anuncios que a las mujeres (P = 0,000) y ocupando el rol paternal en una proporción menor (P = 0,000). Con respecto a los sesgos, la visibilidad de los hombres es mayor que la de las mujeres en los cuatro países y solo en los anuncios españoles se encontraron diferencias significativas en la falta de paridad -los hombres "hacen" en más publicidades que las mujeres- (P = 0,014) y de empoderamiento (P = 0,045) -se muestran más anuncios con hombres que mujeres tomando decisiones. CONCLUSIONES: Aquellos países con normativas dirigidas a la comunicación para prevenir la violencia de género no tienen una publicidad menos sexista. Para analizar las relaciones entre leyes, sexismo y violencia de género se requiere una valoración diacrónica y rigurosa de los instrumentos construidos, así como su contrastación con otros indicadores culturales y sociales muchas veces difíciles de aislar.(AU)
 
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of gender violence legislation on the incidence of sexism and gender bias in advertisements published in four countries: Argentina, Mexico, Spain, and the United States. METHODS: The study focused on the content of 163 advertisements: 69 from Spain, 16 from Mexico, 50 from Argentina, and 28 from the United States. Data were gathered on the presence of bodies not associated with the product being advertised, to study the stereotypical presentation of men and women and gender biases in advertisements in Argentina, Mexico, Spain, and the United States. RESULTS: The following stereotypical findings were observed: (i) men were shown in public places more often than women in the ads from Argentina (P = 0.000), Spain (P = 0.000), and Mexico (P = 0.011); (ii) men were shown more often than women practicing neutral professions in the ads from Argentina (P = 0.004), Spain (P = 0.000), and Mexico (P = 0.025); and (iii) men were shown more often than women as workers and users (P = 0.000) and less often than women in a parenting role (P = 0.000). With regard to biases, (i) men were given greater visibility than women in all four countries, and (ii) only in the ads from Spain were there significant differences in terms of parity, with men appearing more often in the ads than women (P = 0.014), and empowerment, with men shown making decisions more often than women; P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Those countries with legislation aimed at using communication to prevent gender violence do not have less sexism in their advertisements. To analyze the relationships between laws, sexism, and gender violence, it would be necessary to undertake a rigorous diachronic assessment of the instruments constructed and also to compare the results with other cultural and social indicators that are often difficult to isolate.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;33(4),abr. 2013
Subject
Violencia contra la Mujer; Publicidad como Asunto; Estereotipo; Argentina; España; Estados Unidos; Mexico; Violence Against Women; Advertising as Topic; Stereotyping; Argentina; Spain; Mexico; United States; Publicidade como Assunto; Sexismo; Violência; Violência; Argentina; Relações Interpessoais; Mexico; Espanha; Estereotipagem; Estados Unidos
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892013000400007
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/9187
Citation
Martín-Llaguno, Marta,Navarro-Beltrá, Marián (2013) Leyes de violencia de género y sexismo publicitario: análisis comparativo de Argentina, España, Estados Unidos y México. Rev Panam Salud Publica;33(4) 280-286,abr. 2013. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892013000400007
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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