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Mortalidad infantil por defectos congénitos en Costa Rica, 1981-2010

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Date
2013
Author
Barboza-Arguello, María de la Paz
Benavides-Lara, Adriana
Umaña, Lila
Vargas-Leitón, Bernardo
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Abstract
OBJETIVO: Identificar las tendencias y el impacto de los diferentes tipos de defectos congénitos (DC) en la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI) y neonatal (TMN) en Costa Rica para el período 1981-2010. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron datos del Centro Centroamericano de Población, que utiliza las versiones 9 y 10 de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades para clasificar las causas de defunción. Se analizaron tendencias de mortalidad infantil, neonatal y residual. Para cada grupo de DC se construyó un modelo de regresión Poisson Log Lineal. Se obtuvieron las TMI y las TMN y los riesgos relativos correspondientes a las tres décadas 1981-1990, 1991-2000 y 2001-2010, con sus intervalos de confianza de 95% (IC95%). Los estimados se compararon mediante chi cuadrado de Wald. RESULTADOS: Al comparar la década de 1980 con la del 2000, la TMN y la TMI por DC presentó una disminución significativa de 2,37 (IC95%: 2,26-2,48) a 2,13 (2,03-2,23) y de 4,13 (3,99-4,27) a 3,18 (3,05-3,31), respectivamente. Los grupos de DC que registraron una reducción significativa en la TMI fueron: sistema nervioso, digestivo y circulatorio. Con excepción del sistema circulatorio, estos grupos experimentaron una caída significativa en la TMN. En el resto de los grupos se registró un aumento significativo o no hubo cambio. CONCLUSIONES: Se ha producido una disminución de la TMI y la TMN por DC, aunque proporcionalmente estas tasas han crecido debido a un mayor descenso de las otras causas. Esta reducción es mucho menor en la mortalidad neonatal. Se debe fortalecer la prevención primaria y la atención neonatal de los DC.(AU)
 
OBJECTIVE: Identify trends for different types of birth defects and their impact on infant (IMR) and neonatal (NMR) mortality rates in Costa Rica from 1981 to 2010. METHODS: Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality trends were analyzed, using data from the Central American Population Center, which uses the International Classification of Diseases, versions 9 and 10, to classify causes of death. For each group of birth defects, a Poisson log-linear regression model was constructed. IMR and NMR, relative risk, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for the three decades (1981-1990, 1991-2000, and 2001-2010). Estimates were compared using Wald chi square. RESULTS: Comparison of the 1980s and the 2000s found a significant decrease in NMR and IMR from birth defects in these decades, from 2.37 (95%CI: 2.26-2.48) to 2.13 (2.03-2.23) and from 4.13 (3.99-4.27) to 3.18 (3.05-3.31), respectively. Reduction in IMR was significant for birth defect groups for nervous, digestive, and circulatory systems. There was also a significant drop in NMR for nervous and digestive system groups. All other groups experienced a significant increase or no change. CONCLUSIONS: IMR and NMR from birth defects have decreased, although these rates have increased proportionately due to a greater decline in other causes. This reduction is much smaller for neonatal mortality. Primary prevention and neonatal care of birth defects should be strengthened.(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;34(5),nov. 2013
Subject
Anomalías Congénitas; Mortalidad infantil; Nacimiento con vida; Salud del niño; Costa Rica; Congenital abnormalities; Infant mortality; Live Birth; Child Health; Costa Rica; Anormalidades Congênitas; Causas de Morte; Anormalidades Congênitas; Costa Rica; Mortalidade Infantil; Classificação Internacional de Doenças; Estudos Retrospectivos; Risco
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892013001100002
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/8899
Citation
Barboza-Arguello, María de la Paz,Benavides-Lara, Adriana,Umaña, Lila,Vargas-Leitón, Bernardo (2013) Mortalidad infantil por defectos congénitos en Costa Rica, 1981-2010. Rev Panam Salud Publica;34(5) 304-311,nov. 2013. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892013001100002
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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