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Nutritional status of urban schoolchildren of high and low socioeconomic status in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala

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Date
2007
Author
Groeneveld, Iris F
Solomons, Noel W
Doak, Colleen M
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is growing in children in many developing countries, increasing chronic disease risk. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of stunting, underweight, overweight, and obesity in schoolchildren 8 to 10 years old who were of high or low socioeconomic status (SES) in Quetzaltenango, which is the second largest city in Guatemala METHODS: Between April and June 2005 we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 583 children in private and public elementary schools, in which we measured height and weight. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000 height-for-age z-scores, weight-for-age z-scores, and body mass index-for-age centiles were used to define stunting, underweight, overweight, and obesity. RESULTS: Mean height, weight, and body mass index were significantly higher in the 327 children of high SES than in the 256 children of low SES, across sexes and age groups. The prevalence of stunting was significantly higher in low-SES children than in high-SES ones (27.0 percent vs. 7.3 percent, P 0.01) , and this was also true for underweight (14.1 percent versus 4.6 percent, P 0.01). In contrast, the prevalence of overweight (17.7 percent versus 10.5 percent, P 0.01) was higher in high-SES children than in low-SES ones; the same was true for obesity (14.4 percent versus 2.3 percent, P 0.01). The prevalence of stunting among children of low SES, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children of high SES far exceeded the CDC 2000 reference ranges. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of both stunting and excess body weight was found in this urban Guatemalan population, with notable contrasts between social classes. The obesity among high-income children indicates that the city is undergoing the nutrition transition, with further implications for future risks related to chronic disease. Nutrition and health interventions are needed to reduce these risks.(AU)
 
OBJETIVO: En muchos países en desarrollo se elevan las prevalencias de sobrepeso y de obesidad en niños, con el incremento del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las prevalencias de retraso en el crecimiento, peso bajo, sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de 8 a 10 años de edad de niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) alto o bajo en Quetzaltenango, la segunda mayor ciudad de Guatemala. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal entre abril y junio de 2005 en el que se midió el peso y la talla de 583 niños de escuelas primarias privadas y públicas. Para evaluar el retraso en el crecimiento, el peso bajo, el sobrepeso y la obesidad se utilizaron como referencias las puntuaciones z de la talla para la edad y del peso para la edad y los centiles de los índices de masa corporal para la edad, propuestos por los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de las Enfermedades (CDC) de los Estados Unidos de América en 2000. RESULTADOS: La talla, el peso y el índice de masa corporal medios fueron significativamente mayores en los 327 niños de NSE alto que en los 256 niños de NSE bajo en todos los grupos de edad y sexo. La prevalencia de retraso en el crecimiento fue significativamente mayor en los niños con NSE bajo que en los de NSE alto (27,0 por ciento frente a 7,3 por ciento; P 0,01), al igual que la prevalencia de peso bajo (14,1 por ciento frente a 4,6 por ciento, P 0,01). En contraste, la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue mayor en los niños con NSE alto que en los de NSE bajo (17,7 por ciento frente a 10,5 por ciento, P 0,01), al igual que la prevalencia de obesidad (14,4 por ciento frente a 2,3 por ciento, P 0,01). Las prevalencias de retraso en el crecimiento en los niños de NSE bajo y de sobrepeso y obesidad en los de NSE alto fueron mucho mayores que las referencias establecidas por los CDC en el año 2000. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron elevadas prevalencias de retraso en el crecimiento y de peso corporal excesivo...(AU)
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;22(3),sep. 2007
Subject
Child; Child Nutrition Disorders; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Overweight; Social class; Guatemala; Niño; Trastornos de la nutrición del niño; Antropometría; Índice de Masa Corporal; Sobrepeso; Clase Social; Guatemala; Transtornos do Crescimento; Estado Nutricional; Sobrepeso; Índice de Massa Corporal; Estudos Transversais; Guatemala; Prevalência; Fatores Socioeconômicos; População Urbana
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892007000800003
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/7785
Citation
Groeneveld, Iris F,Solomons, Noel W,Doak, Colleen M (2007) Nutritional status of urban schoolchildren of high and low socioeconomic status in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. Rev Panam Salud Publica;22(3) 169-177,sep. 2007. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892007000800003
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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