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Confirmación de un modelo explicativo del estrés y de los síntomas psicosomáticos mediante ecuaciones estructurales

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Date
2008
Author
González Ramírez, Mónica Teresa
Landero Hernández, René
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Abstract
OBJETIVO: Evaluar mediante ecuaciones estructurales un modelo del estrés que integra la explicación de los síntomas psicosomáticos y la teoría transaccional del estrés. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionó una muestra representativa, aleatoria y estratificada de estudiantes de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México. Los sujetos se seleccionaron a partir del listado de alumnos proporcionado por la facultad. Se utilizaron cuestionarios de autoevaluación con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para valorar cada una de las variables incluidas en el modelo. Los resultados se analizaron con el programa AMOS 5.0, empleando el método de máxima verosimilitud. Asimismo, se compararon el modelo estructural con variables observables y un modelo con variables latentes endógenas. RESULTADOS:Los resultados obtenidos confirman parcialmente el modelo presentado y corroboran los efectos del estrés y el cansancio emocional sobre los síntomas psicosomáticos, y de la autoestima, la autoeficacia y el apoyo social sobre el estrés. El modelo con variables observables (c²/gl = 2,87; GFI (índice de bondad del ajuste) = 0,985; AGFI (índice de bondad de ajuste corregido) = 0,946; RMSEA (error de aproximación cuadrático medio) = 0,072; IFI (índice de ajuste incremental) = 0,982) tiene mejor ajuste que el modelo con variables latentes (c²/gl = 3,74; GFI = 0,924; AGFI = 0,876; RMSEA = 0,09, IFI = 0,927). En ambos casos, el ajuste es adecuado. CONCLUSIONES:El modelo presentado constituye el principal aporte de este trabajo. Se trata de un modelo explicativo de síntomas psicosomáticos, con buen ajuste, que explica el 24,3 por ciento de la varianza al utilizar variables observables y el 39,4 por ciento al utilizar variables latentes.(AU)
 
OBJECTIVES:To evaluate a descriptive model of stress that integrates an explanation of psychosomatic symptoms with the transactional theory of stress. METHODS:A random and stratified representative sample was selected from among the students in the School of Psychology at the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Mexico. The subjects were chosen randomly from a student directory provided by the school. A self-administered questionnaire was used that contained the psychometric properties necessary for accurately quantifying each of the variables included in the model. Results were analyzed using AMOS 5.0, employing the best probability method. Also, the structural model was compared using discrete variables only and endogenous latent variables. RESULTS: The results that were obtained partly confirmed the model and corroborated the impact that stress and emotional exhaustion have on psychosomatic symptoms and that self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social support have on stress. The model with discrete variables [chi square test/degrees of freedom (c²/df) = 2.87; goodness of fit (GFI) = 0.985; adjusted goodness of fit (AGFI) = 0.946; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.072; incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.982] has a better fit than the model with latent variables (c²/df = 3.74; GFI = 0.924; AGFI = 0.876; RMSEA = 0.09, IFI = 0.927). In both cases, the fit is adequate. CONCLUSIONS:The model discussed is the main contribution of this study. It is a descriptive model of psychosomatic symptoms, with a good fit, that describes 24.3 percent of the variance for discrete variables and 39.4 percent when using latent variables.(AU)
 
Translated title
Confirmation of a descriptive model of stress and psychosomatic symptoms using structural equations
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;23(1),ene. 2008
Subject
Trastornos psicofisiológicos; Estrés; Mexico; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Stress; Mexico; Modelos Psicológicos; Transtornos Psicofisiológicos; Estresse Psicológico; Estudantes; Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado; Estudos Cross-Over; Interpretação Estatística de Dados; Emoções; Mexico; Psicometria; Questionários; Autoimagem; Autoeficácia; Apoio Social
URI
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892008000100002
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/7746
Citation
González Ramírez, Mónica Teresa,Landero Hernández, René (2008) Confirmación de un modelo explicativo del estrés y de los síntomas psicosomáticos mediante ecuaciones estructurales. Rev Panam Salud Publica;23(1) 7-18,ene. 2008. Retrieved from http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892008000100002
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