Implementation of the essential public health functions in the Americas: Evaluation and strengthening of capacities

Abstract

Primary Health Care (PHC) is the cornerstone for building universal, equitable, and resilient health systems. Additionally, robust PHC requires not only first-level services but also comprehensive public health functions and capacities. The Essential Public Health Functions (EPHF) constitute the foundation that complements PHC. Defined as "the capacities of health authorities at all institutional levels, together with civil society, to strengthen health systems and ensure the full exercise of public health, acting on the social factors and determinants that affect the health of the population," the EPHF provide the necessary guidance and tools to establish consolidated public health systems, which help achieve sustainable development goals. This publication presents and describes the EPHF, offering a comprehensive practical guide to implementing, evaluating, and strengthening them in the Region of the Americas. Based on the framework established by the Pan American Health Organization in 2020, the volume includes a complete methodology to assess and reinforce the EPHF capacities; practical tools for Member States to effectively implement the EPHF; a regional analysis based on the experience of 14 countries, and concrete recommendations to improve public health in the Region. Aimed at public health leaders, policymakers, and professionals in the health field, this is an indispensable reference material for those seeking to transform health systems through an integrated PHC approach.