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Eventos violentos anteriores y resultados de salud mental en Guatemala

Previous violent events and mental health outcomes in Guatemala

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Date
2017-10
Author
Puac-Polanco, Victor D.
López-Soto, Victor A.
Kohn, Robert
Xie, Dawei
Richmond, Therese S.
Branas, Charles C.
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Abstract
Objetivos. Analizamos una muestra probabilística de los guatemaltecos para determinar si existe una relación entre eventos violentos anteriores y el desarrollo de resultados de salud mental en diversos grupos sociodemográficos, así como durante la guerra civil guatemalteca y después ella. Métodos. Usamos el modelado de regresión, una prueba de interacciones y complejos ajustes del diseño de encuestas para hacer una estimación de la prevalencia y examinar las posibles relaciones entre los eventos violentos anteriores y la salud mental. Resultados. Muchos de los participantes (20,6%) habían presenciado o sufrido anteriormente al menos un evento violento grave. Ser testigo de cómo alguien fue herido gravemente o asesinado fue el evento más frecuente. El 4,2% de los participantes presentaron depresión; 6,5%, ansiedad; 6,4%, un trastorno relacionado con el alcohol; y 1,9% un trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Las personas que presenciaron o fueron víctimas de la violencia durante la guerra tenían una probabilidad ajustada 4,3 veces mayor de presentar trastornos relacionados con el alcohol (P <0,05) y una probabilidad ajustada 4,0 veces mayor de TEPT (P < 0,05) en comparación con el periodo de posguerra. Las mujeres, los indígenas mayas y los habitantes de zonas urbanas tenían mayor probabilidad de presentar resultados de salud mental posteriores a la violencia. Conclusiones. La violencia que empezó durante la guerra civil y que actualmente se mantiene tiene un efecto importante en la salud mental de los guatemaltecos. Sin embargo, los resultados de salud mental como resultado de eventos violentos disminuyeron en el periodo de posguerra, lo que hace pensar que la nación se está recuperando.
 
Objectives. We analyzed a probability sample of Guatemalans to determine if a relationship exists between previous violent events and development of mental health outcomes in various sociodemographic groups, as well as during and after the Guatemalan Civil War. Methods. We used regression modeling, an interaction test, and complex survey design adjustments to estimate prevalences and test potential relationships between previous violent events and mental health. Results. Many (20.6%) participants experienced at least 1 previous serious violent event. Witnessing someone severely injured or killed was the most common event. Depression was experienced by 4.2% of participants, with 6.5% experiencing anxiety, 6.4% an alcohol-related disorder, and 1.9% posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Persons who experienced violence during the war had 4.3 times the adjusted odds of alcohol-related disorders (P < .05) and 4.0 times the adjusted odds of PTSD (P < .05) compared with the postwar period. Women, indigenous Maya, and urban dwellers had greater odds of experiencing postviolence mental health outcomes. Conclusions. Violence that began during the civil war and continues today has had a significant effect on the mental health of Guatemalans. However, mental health outcomes resulting from violent events decreased in the postwar period, suggesting a nation in recovery.
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;41, oct. 2017
Subject
Mental Health; Guatemala; Violence; Violencia; Salud Mental
Category of PAHO Strategic Plan 2014-2019
Cat 3. Determinants of Health and Promoting Health throughout the Life Course
URI
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/34358
Citation
Puac-Polanco VD, López-Soto VA, Kohn R, Xie D, Richmond TS y Branas CC. Previous Violent Events and Mental Health Outcomes in Guatemala. Am J Public Health. 2015;105:764–771. doi:10. 2105/ AJPH.2014.302328)
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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