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Infant morbidity and mortality attributable to prenatal smoking in Chile

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Date
2017
Author
Cerda, Jaime
Bambs, Claudia
Veras, Claudio
Metadata
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Abstract
Objective. To estimate annual infant morbidity and mortality attributable to prenatal smoking in Chile during 2008−2012. Methods. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for several infant outcomes were calculated based on previous study estimates of prenatal smoking prevalence and odds ratios associated with exposure (prenatal smoking relative to non-prenatal smoking). Prenatal smoking– attributable infant morbidity and mortality cases were calculated by multiplying the average annual number of morbidity and mortality cases registered in Chile during 2008–2012 by the corresponding PAF. Results. PAFs for 1) births ≤ 27 weeks; 2) births at 28–33 weeks; 3) births at 34–36 weeks; and 4) full-term low-birth-weight infants were 12.3%, 10.6%, 5.5%, and 27.4% respectively. PAFs for deaths caused by preterm-related causes and deaths caused by sudden infant death syndrome were 11.9% and 40.0% respectively. Annually, 2 054 cases of preterm-birth and fullterm low-birth-weight (1 in 9 cases), 68 deaths caused by preterm-related causes (1 in 8 cases), and 26 deaths caused by sudden infant death syndrome (1 in 3 cases) were attributable to prenatal smoking. Conclusions. In Chile, infant morbidity and mortality attributable to prenatal smoking are unacceptably high. Comprehensive individual and population-based interventions for tobacco control should be a public health priority in the country, particularly among female adolescents and young women who will be the mothers of future generations.
 
Objetivo. Calcular las tasas anuales de morbilidad y mortalidad de lactantes atribuibles al tabaquismo prenatal en Chile entre los años 2008 y 2012. Métodos. Se calcularon las fracciones atribuibles a la población (FAP) correspondientes a diferentes resultados de salud en lactantes tomando como base la prevalencia estimativa del tabaquismo prenatal y las razones de posibilidad asociadas a la exposición (tabaquismo prenatal frente a tabaquismo no prenatal) calculadas en estudios previos. Los casos de mortalidad y morbilidad de lactantes atribuibles al tabaquismo prenatal se calcularon multiplicando el promedio anual de casos de morbilidad y mortalidad registrados en Chile entre los años 2008 y 2012 por la FAP correspondiente. Resultados. Las FAP para los lactantes nacidos 1) a las 27 semanas o menos de gestación; 2) de 28 a 33 semanas de gestación; 3) de 34 a 36 semanas de gestación; y 4) al término de la gestación, pero con peso bajo al nacer, fueron de 12,3%, 10,6%, 5,5% y 27,4%, respectivamente. Las FAP correspondientes a las muertes por causas relacionadas con el nacimiento prematuro y las muertes por síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante fueron de 11,9% y 40,0%, respectivamente. Al año, 2 054 casos de bebés prematuros y de bebés nacidos con peso bajo al término de la gestación (1 de 9 casos), 68 muertes por causas relacionadas con el período prenatal (1 de 8 casos) y 26 muertes causadas por el síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante (1 de 3 casos) fueron atribuibles al tabaquismo prenatal. Conclusiones. En Chile, las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad de lactantes atribuibles al tabaquismo prenatal son inadmisiblemente altas. En el país, las intervenciones integrales para el control del tabaco a nivel individual y poblacional deben ser una prioridad de salud pública, particularmente en las mujeres adolescentes y jóvenes que serán las madres de las generaciones futuras.
 
Objetivo. Estimar a morbidade e a mortalidade infantis anuais atribuíveis ao tabagismo durante a gestação no Chile em 2008–2012. Métodos. As frações atribuíveis populacionais (PAFs) para vários desfechos infantis foram calculadas com base em estimativas de estudos anteriores da prevalência do tabagismo durante a gestação e razões de possibilidades associadas à exposição (tabagismo durante a gestação relativo ao tabagismo fora da gestação). Os casos de morbidade e mortalidade infantis atribuíveis ao tabagismo durante a gestação foram calculados multiplicando-se o número médio anual de casos de morbidade e mortalidade registrados no Chile em 2008–2012 pela PAF correspondente. Resultados. As PAFs para 1) recém-nascidos ≤ 27 semanas, 2) recém-nascidos com 28–33 semanas, 3) recém-nascidos com 34–36 semanas e 4) recém-nascidos de termo com baixo peso foram 12,3%, 10,6%, 5,5% e 27,4%, respectivamente. As PAFs para mortes devidas a causas relacionadas à prematuridade e mortes devidas à síndrome de morte súbita do recém-nascido foram 11,9% e 40,0%, respectivamente. Anualmente, 2.054 casos de recém-nascidos prematuros e de termo com baixo peso (1 em 9 casos), 68 mortes devidas a causas relacionadas à assistência pré-natal (1 em 8 casos) e 26 mortes devidas à síndrome de morte súbita do recém-nascido (1 em 3 casos) foram atribuíveis ao tabagismo durante a gestação. Conclusões. No Chile, a morbidade e a mortalidade infantis atribuíveis ao tabagismo durante a gestação são inadmissivelmente elevadas. Amplas intervenções individuais e populacionais para o controle do tabagismo devem ser uma prioridade de saúde pública no país, sobretudo em adolescentes e jovens que serão mães das futuras gerações.
 
Translated title
Morbidade e mortalidade infantis atribuíveis ao tabagismo durante a gestação no Chile
 
Morbilidad y mortalidad del lactante atribuible al tabaquismo prenatal en Chile
 
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;41, aug. 2017
Subject
Smoking; Maternal Exposure; Attributable Risk; Morbidity; Infant Mortality; Chile; Hábito de Fumar; Exposición Maternal; Riesgo Atribuible; Morbilidad; Mortalidad Infantil
Category of PAHO Strategic Plan 2014-2019
Cat 2. Noncommunicable Diseases and Risk Factors; Cat 3. Determinants of Health and Promoting Health throughout the Life Course
URI
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/34166
Citation
Cerda J, Bambs C, Vera C. Infant morbidity and mortality attributable to prenatal smoking in Chile. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2017;41:e106.
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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