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Seroprevalencia y tasa de ataque clínica por chikungunya en Nicaragua, 2014-2015

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Date
2017
Author
Ministerio del Poder Ciudadano para la Salud de Nicaragua
Metadata
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Abstract
Objetivo. Estimar la seroprevalencia, la tasa de ataque clínica y la proporción de infecciones subclínicas por chikungunya, Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 39 sitios distribuidos en todo el territorio nacional de Nicaragua en octubre 2015. Se recopiló información demográfica y clínica a través de una encuesta personal. Se recolectaron muestras hemáticas para detectar la presencia de anticuerpos antivirus chikungunya utilizando el método de ELISA de inhibición desarrollado por el Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia. Se utilizaron modelos lineales generalizados y modelos de multinivel de Poisson en el análisis de los resultados. Resultados. Se enrolaron 11 722 participantes mayores de dos años de edad y se procesaron 11 280 muestras. En el nivel nacional, la seroprevalencia fue de 32,8% (IC95% [intervalo de confianza de 95%]: 31,9-33,6), con una tasa de ataque clínica de 26,5% (IC95%: 25,7-27,3) y una proporción de infecciones subclínicas de 19,1% (IC95%: 17,8-20,4). Se observó variabilidad en la seroprevalencia de los 39 sitios, y los que presentaron mayor índice de infestación por el vector mostraron una mayor seroprevalencia. A nivel individual, esta fue más elevada en los participantes mayores de 11 años. Conclusión. Este es el primer estudio sobre la seroprevalencia de chikungunya en América Latina continental desde su introducción, en el que se determinaron la prevalencia a nivel nacional, la tasa de ataque clínico y la proporción de infecciones subclínicas. El modelo utilizado, con una amplia participación comunitaria y el rol rector del Ministerio de Salud de Nicaragua, puede constituir un ejemplo para la realización de estudios similares en la Región.
 
Objective. Estimate seroprevalence, clinical case rate, and proportion of subclinical infections from chikungunya. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2015 at 39 sites distributed across Nicaragua. Demographic and clinical information was compiled through a personal survey. Blood samples were collected to detect chikungunya antibodies using the ELISA inhibition method developed by Nicaragua’s National Diagnostic and Reference Center. Results were analyzed using generalized linear models and multilevel Poisson models. Results. A total of 11 722 participants aged >2 years were enrolled and 11 280 samples were processed. National seroprevalence was 32.8% (95% CI [95% confidence interval]: 31.9-33.6), with a clinical case rate of 26.5% (95% CI: 25.7-27.3) and a proportion of subclinical infections of 19.1% (95% CI: 17.8-20.4). Seroprevalence varied among the 39 sites and was greater at sites with higher vector infestation indices. Individually, seroprevalence was higher in participants aged >11 years. Conclusion. Since its introduction, this is the first study on chikungunya seroprevalence in continental Latin America to determine national prevalence, clinical case rate, and proportion of subclinical infections. The study model, employing broad community participation and leadership by the Ministry of Health of Nicaragua, can be an example for conducting similar studies in the Region.
 
Translated title
Chikungunya seroprevalence and clinical case rate in Nicaragua, 2014-2015
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;41, aug. 2017
Subject
Fiebre Chikungunya; Arbovirus; Nicaragua; Chikungunya Fever; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Asymptomatic Infections
Category of PAHO Strategic Plan 2014-2019
Cat 1. Communicable Diseases
URI
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/34103
Citation
Ministerio del Poder Ciudadano para la Salud de Nicaragua. Seroprevalencia y tasa de ataque clínica por chikungunya en Nicaragua, 2014-2015. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2017;41:e59.
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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