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Estrategia para mejorar el acceso al tratamiento etiológico para la enfermedad de Chagas en el primer nivel de atención en Argentina

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Date
2017
Author
Klein, Karen
Burrone, María Soledad
Alonso, Juan Pedro
Rey Ares, Lucila
García Martí, Sebastían
Lavenia, Antonia
Calderón, Estela
Spillmann, Cynthia
Sosa Estani, Sergio
Metadata
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Abstract
Objetivo. Mejorar la distribución del tratamiento etiológico para la enfermedad de Chagas mediante la identificación de barreras para su descentralización al primer nivel de atención en Argentina. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo, de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, en base a entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores clave pertenecientes al Programa Nacional de Chagas y miembros de los equipos de salud del primer nivel de atención con el objetivo de identificar barreras para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas en diferentes niveles (administrativo, efectores de salud y comunidad) que podrían afectar una estrategia descentralizada de distribución. Además, se implementó un piloto de descentralización en diez centros de atención primaria en una provincia argentina. Resultados. Se realizaron 22 entrevistas semiestructuradas con responsables de programas y profesionales de la salud. Los principales obstáculos hallados fueron la falta de búsqueda sistemática de casos, la poca articulación entre los niveles de atención y los actores del sistema de salud, la falta de capacitación del equipo de salud respecto al tratamiento, el seguimiento de los pacientes y las barreras asociadas a los pacientes. Se llevó a cabo un programa piloto de descentralización y se evaluaron estrategias para optimizar la intervención a gran escala. Conclusiones. Los resultados permitieron mejorar la implementación del plan de descentralización del tratamiento a través de una mejor articulación interprogramática, la capitalización de herramientas de monitoreo y de comunicación ya existentes, y la sensibilización de los equipos de salud. Además, se formularon recomendaciones tendientes a mejorar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas.
 
Objective. Improve distribution of etiological treatment of Chagas disease by identifying barriers to the decentralization of treatment to the first level of care in Argentina. Methods. A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured interviews of key actors belonging to the National Chagas Program and members of health teams at the first level of care, for the purpose of identifying barriers to diagnosis and treatment of Chagas disease at different levels (administrative, health agents, and community) that could affect a decentralized distribution strategy. Additionally, pilot decentralization was instituted in 10 primary health care centers in an Argentine province. Results. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 program heads and health professionals. Principal obstacles found were lack of systematic case-finding, poor coordination among levels of care and health system actors, lack of health team training on treatment, patient monitoring, and patient-related barriers. A pilot decentralization program was carried out and strategies were evaluated to optimize large-scale intervention. Conclusions. The results made it possible to improve implementation of the plan to decentralize treatment through better inter-program coordination, capitalization on existing monitoring and communication tools, and sensitization of health teams. Furthermore, recommendations were developed to improve diagnosis and treatment of Chagas disease.
 
Translated title
Strategy to improve access to etiological treatment of Chagas disease at the first level of care in Argentina
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;41, abr. 2017
Subject
Investigación; Enfermedad de Chagas; Descentralización; Argentina; Research; Chagas Disease; Decentralization
Category of PAHO Strategic Plan 2014-2019
Cat 1. Communicable Diseases
URI
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/34029
Citation
Klein K, Burrone MS, Alonso JP, Rey Ares L, García Martí S, Lavenia A, et al. Estrategia para mejorar el acceso al tratamiento etiológico para la enfermedad de Chagas en el primer nivel de atención en Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2017;41:e20.
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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