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Estudio transversal de las parasitosis intestinales en poblaciones infantiles de Argentina

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Date
2017
Author
Navone, Graciela Teresa
Zonta, María Lorena
Cociancic, Paola
Garraza, Mariela
Gamboa, María Inés
Giambelluca, Luis Alberto
Dahinten, Silvia
Oyhenart, Evelia Edith
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Abstract
Objetivo. Determinar la distribución de las enteroparasitosis en niños de nueve provincias representativas del mosaico de ambientes contrastantes de Argentina. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal en niños preescolares (de 5 años o menos) y escolares (de 6 a 14 años) de las provincias de Buenos Aires (muestra tomada entre 2005 y 2013), Chubut (2010-2013), Corrientes (2012), Entre Ríos (2010-2012), Formosa (2014), La Pampa (2006), Mendoza (2008-2011), Misiones (2005-2008 y 2013) y Salta (2012-2013). Se procesaron muestras seriadas, fecales y de escobillado anal, mediante técnicas de concentración. Los resultados se analizaron por sexo, intervalo de edad y provincia. Se calcularon la frecuencia de parasitosis (monoparasitosis y parasitosis múltiple), la riqueza de especies y el coeficiente de similitud de Sørensen. Resultados. Misiones presentó la mayor frecuencia de niños parasitados y Chubut la menor (82,0% vs. 38,4%; p ˂ 0,01). El número de especies fue mayor en Misiones y Buenos Aires y menor en Chubut y La Pampa. Los varones estuvieron más parasitados que las mujeres solo en Buenos Aires. Las mayores frecuencias se encontraron en los preescolares de Buenos Aires y los escolares de Mendoza y Misiones (p < 0,05). La monoparasitosis fue más frecuente en Chubut (67,9%) y las parasitosis múltiples en Formosa (69,2%). Las especies más frecuentes en la mayoría de las provincias fueron Blastocystis sp. y Enterobius vermicularis. De los geohelmintos, Misiones presentó la mayor frecuencia (23,3%) y Mendoza la menor (0,6%); no se hallaron en Chubut, La Pampa y Salta. Buenos Aires, Formosa y Misiones presentaron una composición de especies similar, al igual que Chubut y La Pampa. Conclusiones. Las frecuencias de parasitosis en Argentina responden al complejo mosaico de variabilidad climática y socioeconómica del país y revelan una tendencia descendente de norte a sur y de este a oeste.
 
Objective. Determine the distribution of intestinal parasitosis in children in nine provinces representative of Argentina’s mosaic of contrasting environments. Methods. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study of preschool children (5 years old or under) and school-age children (6-14 years) in the provinces of Buenos Aires (sample taken between 2005 and 2013), Chubut (2010-2013), Corrientes (2012), Entre Ríos (2010-2012), Formosa (2014), La Pampa (2006), Mendoza (2008-2011), Misiones (2005-2008 and 2013), and Salta (2012-2013). Serial samples, fecal samples, and anal swabs were processed using concentration techniques. The results were analyzed by sex, age interval, and province. Frequency of parasitosis (monoparasitosis and multiple parasitoses), wealth of species, and Sørensen similarity coefficient were calculated. Results. Misiones presented the highest frequency of parasitized children and Chubut the lowest (82.0% vs 38.4%; p < 0.01). The number of species was greatest in Misiones and Buenos Aires and lowest in Chubut and La Pampa. Men were parasitized more than women only in Buenos Aires. The highest frequencies were found in preschool children in Buenos Aires and schoolchildren in Mendoza and Misiones (p < 0.05). Monoparasitosis was most frequent in Chubut (67.9%) and multiple parasitosis in Formosa (69.2%). The most frequent species in the majority of provinces were Blastocystis sp. and Enterobius vermicularis. Misiones presented the highest frequency of soil-transmitted helminthes (23.3%) and Mendoza the lowest (0.6%); none were found in Chubut, La Pampa, or Salta. Buenos Aires, Formosa, and Misiones presented a similar species composition, as did Chubut and La Pampa. Conclusions. The frequency of parasitosis in Argentina corresponds to the country’s complex mosaic of climatic and socioeconomic variability and shows a declining trend from north to south and from east to west.
 
Translated title
Cross-sectional study of intestinal parasitosis in child populations in Argentina
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;41, feb. 2017
Subject
Parasitosis Intestinales; Argentina; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Child; Niño
Category of PAHO Strategic Plan 2014-2019
Cat 1. Communicable Diseases
URI
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/33879
Citation
Navone GT, Zonta ML, Cociancic P, Garraza M, Gamboa MI, Giambelluca LA, et al. Estudio transversal de las parasitosis intestinales en poblaciones infantiles de Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2017;41:e24.
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