Salud mental materna: factor de riesgo del bienestar socioemocional en niños mexicanos
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2017Autor
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Objetivos. Estimar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad (SDyA) en madres de tres zonas poblacionales (ZP) del estado de San Luis Potosí, México, y analizar la asociación entre los SDyA y sus efectos en la salud emocional de sus hijos. Métodos. Se evaluaron 173 parejas (madre-hijo) de tres ZP: Zona urbana (ZU), rural (ZR) y rural indígena (ZRI). Se estudiaron los SDyA de las mujeres, y las dificultades conductuales (DC) de los niños. Resultados. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de SDyA en las tres ZP. La mayor proporción de síntomas depresivos la presentaron la ZU y la ZR (38,7 y 38,6%). La prevalencia más alta de síntomas de ansiedad se observó en la ZR (31,8%). La asociación entre los SDyA y la depresión materna más fuerte se estimó en la ZR (razón de momios o RM = 11,0; IC95%: 1,3-95,5). En la ZRI se estimó la mayor prevalencia de DC en los niños (61%). Se encontró una asociación entre las DC y la ansiedad materna (RM = 2,2; IC95%: 1,1-4,3) y la depresión materna (RM = 2,5; IC95%: 1,3-4,6). Conclusiones. La salud mental de las madres puede poner en riesgo el bienestar socioemocional de sus hijos, lo que viene respaldado por la alta prevalencia y la asociación entre SDyA y DC encontrada. En México se necesita disponer de información fiable sobre el estado de salud mental de las mujeres y los niños de las tres ZP, para implantar medidas que amplíen su cobertura evaluativa y preventiva. Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in mothers from three population areas in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, and to analyze the association between these symptoms and the emotional health of their children. Methods. Assessment was conducted on 173 mother–child pairs from three different population areas: urban, rural, and indigenous rural. Women's symptoms of depression and anxiety were evaluated, together with their children's behavioral problems. Results. A high prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety was found in the three areas included. The proportion of depressive symptoms was highest in the urban and rural areas (38.7% and 38.6%, respectively). The highest prevalence of anxiety symptoms was observed in the rural area (31.8%). The strongest association between maternal anxiety and maternal depression was found in the rural area (odds ratio [OR] = 11.0; 95% CI: 1.3-95.5). The indigenous rural area showed the highest prevalence of behavioral problems among children (61%). An association between such problems and maternal anxiety (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.3) and maternal depression (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3-4.6) was noted. Conclusions. The mental health of mothers can put the social and emotional wellbeing of their children at risk. This conclusion is supported by the findings, namely high prevalences and an association between symptoms of anxiety and depression and behavioral problems. In Mexico, reliable information on the mental health status of women and children in the three population areas studied is needed in order to implement measures towards expanding coverage for evaluation and prevention.
Título traducido
Maternal mental health: a risk factor affecting the social and emotional well-being of Mexican children
Tema
Categoría del Plan Estratégico 2014-2019 de la OPS
Cita
Villaseñor C, Calderón Hernández J, Gaytán E, Romero S, Díaz-Barriga F. Salud mental materna: factor de riesgo del bienestar socioemocional en niños mexicanos. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2017;41:e1.
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