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Interventions that facilitate sustainable jobs and have a positive impact on workers’ health: an overview of systematic reviews

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Date
2016
Author
Haby, Michelle M.
Chapman, Evelina
Clark, Rachel
Galvão, Luiz A. C.
Metadata
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Abstract
Objective. To identify interventions that facilitate sustainable jobs and have a positive impact on the health of workers in health sector workplaces. Methods. This overview utilized systematic review methods to synthesize evidence from multiple systematic reviews and economic evaluations. A comprehensive search was conducted based on a predefined protocol, including specific inclusion criteria. To be classified as “sustainable,” interventions needed to aim (explicitly or implicitly) to 1) have a positive impact on at least two key dimensions of the integrated framework for sustainable development and 2) include measures of health impact. Only interventions conducted in, or applicable to, health sector workplaces were included. Results. Fourteen systematic reviews and no economic evaluations met the inclusion criteria for the overview. The interventions that had a positive impact on health included 1) enforcement of occupational health and safety regulations; 2) use of the “degree of experience rating” feature of workers’ compensation; 3) provision of flexible working arrangements that increase worker control and choice; 4) implementation of certain organizational changes to shift work schedules; and 5) use of some employee participation schemes. Interventions with negative impacts on health included 1) downsizing/restructuring; 2) temporary and insecure work arrangements; 3) outsourcing/home-based work arrangements; and 4) some forms of task restructuring. Conclusions. What is needed now is careful implementation, in health sector workplaces, of interventions likely to have positive impacts, but with careful evaluation of their effects including possible adverse impacts. Well-evaluated implementation of the interventions (including those at the pilot-study stage) will contribute to the evidence base and inform future action. Interventions with negative health impacts should be withdrawn from practice (through regulation, where possible). If use of these interventions is necessary, for other reasons, considerable care should be taken to
 
Objetivo. Determinar las intervenciones que facilitan el empleo sostenible y tienen un impacto positivo en la salud de los trabajadores del sector de la salud. Métodos. En esta síntesis se utilizaron métodos de revisión sistemática a fin de resumir los datos de múltiples revisiones sistemáticas y evaluaciones económicas. Se realizó una amplia búsqueda de acuerdo con un protocolo predefinido, que incluyó criterios de inclusión específicos. Para que se clasificaran como “sostenibles” las intervenciones debían estar dirigidas (explícitamente o implícitamente) a: 1) tener una repercusión positiva en al menos dos dimensiones clave del marco integrado para el desarrollo sostenible y 2) incluir mediciones de los efectos de salud. Solo fueron incluidas las intervenciones realizadas en los lugares de trabajo del sector de la salud, o aplicables a este entorno. Resultados. Catorce revisiones sistemáticas reunieron los criterios de inclusión en la síntesis, pero ninguna evaluación económica los reunió. Las intervenciones que tuvieron un impacto positivo en la salud fueron, entre otras: 1) cumplimiento de los reglamentos en materia de salud y seguridad ocupacionales; 2) inclusión del factor de “ajuste por frecuencia siniestral” del sistema de aseguramiento de los riesgos del trabajo; 3) introducción de modalidades de trabajo flexibles que aumentan el control y la elección de los trabajadores; 4) adopción de determinados cambios organizativos para modificar los horarios de trabajo y 5) establecimiento de algún mecanismo de participación de los empleados. Las intervenciones que tuvieron una repercusión negativa en la salud incluyeron 1) reestructuración y recortes; 2) contrato de trabajo temporal y precario; 3) contratación externa y trabajo desde el domicilio y 4) algunas formas de reestructuración de tareas. Conclusiones. Es necesario ejecutar cuidadosamente en los lugares de trabajo del sector de la salud las intervenciones con más probabilidades de tener un impacto positivo y evaluar cuidadosamente la ejecución de dichas intervenciones, incluidos los posibles efectos adversos. La ejecución apropiadamente evaluada de las intervenciones (incluidas aquellas en la etapa de prueba piloto) contribuirá a ampliar la base empírica y sustentar la acción futura. Las intervenciones que repercuten negativamente en la salud deberían ser eliminadas de la práctica (en lo posible, mediante la reglamentación). Si por alguna razón esas intervenciones fueran necesarias, se debería tener el suficiente cuidado de garantizar un equilibrio adecuado entre las necesidades institucionales y la salud y el bienestar humanos.
 
Translated title
Intervenciones que facilitan el empleo sostenible y tienen un impacto positivo en la salud de los trabajadores: una síntesis de revisiones sistemáticas
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;40(5), nov. 2016
Subject
Sustainable Development; Employment; Workers; Review; Americas; Desarrollo Sostenible; Empleo; Trabajadores; Revisión
URI
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/31373
Citation
Haby MM, Chapman E, Clark R, Galvão LAC. Interventions that facilitate sustainable jobs and have a positive impact on workers’ health: an overview of systematic reviews. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2016;40(5):332–40.
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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