Integration of Gender and Human Rights in HIV and Sexual and Reproductive Health. Training for Health Care Providers: Facilitators’ Manual
Abstract
[Introduction] This tool is intended to enhance the capacity of health workers,
in particular in the primary health care setting, to deliver
high quality and nondiscriminatory HIV and sexual and reproductive
health (SRH) services to all clients, regardless of sex,
gender identity and sexual orientation, through integration of a
gender-responsive and human rights–based approach.
HIV services aim to prevent new infections, identify HIV positive
persons, and provide treatment and care to enhance the
quality of life and prevent premature death. Sexual and reproductive
health services are services that promote and facilitate
a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual
relationships, the possibility of having pleasureable and safe
sexual experiences, support individuals and couples to make
informed decisions on if, when and how often they want to
reproduce, and facilitate the widest possible range of safe and
effective family planning methods, including barrier methods,
as well as prevention and management of reproductive tract
infections, including sexually transmitted infections and other
essential care such as preventive screening.
While in many countries HIV and SRH services remain vertical,
this training resource positions HIV and SRH services as
complementary and overlapping services that can best be
delivered in an integrated approach, aligned with other services
such as maternal and child health, adolescent health and
men’s health services.
Gender norms, values and power relations help shape the
sexual and reproductive health behaviors of individuals and
groups. They tend to prescribe what it means to be a man
or woman. Gender norms for femininity in many communities
value sexual innocence, passivity, virginity, and motherhood. In
such societies, women and girls are not supposed to be knowledgeable
about sex and may have limited access to relevant information
and services. Unequal power relationships may also
compromise their ability to negotiate safer sexual behavior and
fertility issues with their male partners.
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