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El impacto de los precios e impuestos sobre el consumo de productos de tabaco en América Latina y el Caribe

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Date
2016-10
Author
Guindon, G. Emmanuel
Paraje, Guillermo R.
Chaloupka, Frank J.
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Abstract
Examinamos la repercusión de los precios del tabaco o los impuestos sobre el consumo de tabaco en países de América Latina y el Caribe. Efectuamos búsquedas en MEDLINE, EconLit, LILACS, bibliografía inédita, seis revistas especializadas y referencias de revisiones. Calculamos las elasticidades combinadas de los precios usando modelos de efectos aleatorios. En los 32 estudios que examinamos se observó que los precios de los cigarrillos tienen un efecto negativo y estadísticamente significativo sobre el consumo. Un cambio en el precio está asociado con un cambio menos que proporcional en la magnitud de la cantidad demandada de cigarrillos. En la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos, la elasticidad-precio para los cigarrillos probablemente sea inferior a –0,5 (elasticidades combinadas, a corto plazo: –0,31; intervalo de confianza de 95% = –0,39 a –0,24; a largo plazo: –0,43; IC de 95% = –0,51 a –0,35). Los aumentos de impuestos reducen eficazmente el consumo de cigarrillos. La falta de estudios que usen datos de hogares o de individuos limita la pertinencia de las políticas de investigación.
 
We examined the impact of tobacco prices or taxes on tobacco use in Latin America and Caribbean countries. We searched MEDLINE, EconLit, LILACS, unpublished literature, 6 specialty journals, and reviewed references. We calculated pooled price elasticities using random-effects models. The 32 studies we examined found that cigarette prices have a negative and statistically significant effect on cigarette consumption. A change in price is associated with a less than proportional change in the quantity of cigarettes demanded. In most Latin American countries, own-price elasticity for cigarettes is likely below –0.5 (pooled elasticities, shortrun: –0.31; 95% confidence interval = –0.39, –0.24; longrun: –0.43; 95% CI = –0.51, –0.35). Tax increases effectively reduce cigarette use. Lack of studies using household- or individual-level data limits research’s policy relevance.
 
Translated title
The Impact of Prices and Taxes on the Use of Tobacco Products in Latin America and the Caribbean
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;40(3), oct. 2016
Subject
Uso de Tabaco; Comercialización de Productos Derivados del Tabaco; Taxation of the Tobacco-Derived Products
URI
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/31310
Citation
Guindon GE., Paraje GR., Chaloupka FJ. The Impact of Prices and Taxes on the Use of Tobacco Products in Latin America and the Caribbean. Am J Public Health. 2015; 105:e9–e19. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302396
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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