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Niveles de ingreso y prevalencia de tabaquismo en América Latina: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

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Date
2016-10
Author
Bardach, Ariel
García Perdomo, Herney Andrés
Ruano Gándara, Ruth Amanda
Ciapponi, Agustín
Metadata
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Abstract
Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la prevalencia de consumo actual de tabaco y los niveles de ingresos monetarios de fumadores en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SOCINDEX y LILACS. Se incluyeron estudios de ALC publicados desde enero 1989 hasta diciembre de 2015. Se realizaron análisis de subgrupos planeados por década calendario de los datos, país, riesgo de sesgo, sexo y grupos de edad. Resultados. De un total de 1 254 estudios evaluados por texto completo se incluyeron 29 artículos, de los cuales 25 fueron incorporados en metaanálisis. Todos los estudios incluidos fueron de corte transversal o de vigilancia, la mayoría provenientes de Brasil y de México. Un bajo nivel de ingresos se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de tabaquismo activo (odds ratio [OR] 1,62; intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%] 1,34–1,96) con respecto al nivel alto (referencia). Se observó una tendencia de efecto dosis-respuesta: nivel medio de ingresos (OR 1,23; IC95% 1,00-1,52) y nivel bajo de ingresos (OR 1,64; IC95% 1,17-2,30). Esta asociación fue mayor en hombres (OR 2,22; IC95% 1,77-2,78) que en mujeres (OR 1,6; IC95% 1,11-2,47). Conclusiones. Se observó una relación inversa entre el nivel de ingresos y la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco. Se requieren mayores esfuerzos para determinar esta relación en poblaciones especiales como adolescentes o embarazadas. Esta investigación puede ser útil para los decisores políticos al mejorar las estrategias de control del tabaco y para caracterizar cuestiones de equidad en la salud pública.
 
Objective. Determine the relationship between tobacco-use prevalence and smoker income level in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods. A systematic search was carried out in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SOCINDEX, and LILACS databases. Studies from LAC published from January 1989 to December 2015 were included and were analyzed by subgroups disaggregated by decade of data, country, bias risk, sex, and age group. Results. Of 1 254 studies evaluated by full text, 29 articles were included, of which 25 were chosen for meta-analysis. All included studies were cross-sectional or surveillance, primarily from Brazil and Mexico. Low income was associated with higher prevalence of active smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.62; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.34–1.96) than high income (reference). A dose-response effect trend was observed: middle income (OR 1.23; 95%CI 1.00-1.52) and low income (OR 1.64; 95%CI 1.17-2.30). This association was greater in men (OR 2.22; 95%CI 1.77-2.78) than in women (OR 1.6; 95%CI 1.11-2.47). Conclusions. An inverse relationship was observed between income and tobacco- use prevalence. Further efforts are required to determine this relationship in special populations, such as adolescents and pregnant women. This research can be useful for policymakers by improving tobacco control strategies and for characterizing public health equity issues.
 
Translated title
Income and smoking prevalence in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;40(3), oct. 2016
Subject
Uso de Tabaco; Equidad; Economía de la Salud; Tobacco Use; Equity; Health Economics
URI
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/31309
Citation
Bardach A, García Perdomo HA, Ruano Gándara RA, Ciapponi A. Niveles de ingreso y prevalencia de tabaquismo en América Latina: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2016;40(4):263–71.
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