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The new United Nations approach to sustainable development post-2015: Findings from four overviews of systematic reviews on interventions for sustainable development and health

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Date
2016-03
Author
Galvão, Luiz A. C.
Haby, Michelle M.
Chapman, Evelina
Clark, Rachel
Câmara, Volney Magalhães
Raggio Luiz, Ronir
Becerra-Posada, Francisco
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Abstract
Objective. To identify reported interventions that facilitate sustainable development and have had a positive impact on health in four areas: sustainable food production; sustainable energy use; sustainable jobs (“decent work”); and prevention of toxic exposure to chemicals. Methods. Systematic review methods were used to synthesize evidence from multiple systematic reviews and economic evaluations. A comprehensive search was conducted of at least 14 databases and 8 websites for each of the four overviews, using pre-defined protocols, including clear inclusion criteria. To qualify as “sustainable,” interventions needed to aim (explicitly or implicitly) to positively impact at least two dimensions of the integrated framework for sustainable development and had to include measures of health impact. Results. In total, 47 systematic reviews and 10 economic evaluations met the inclusion criteria. The most promising interventions, such as agricultural policies, were identified for each of the four topics. While the evidence for the interventions is not strong because of the limited number of studies, there is no evidence of a definite negative impact on health. The only possible exception is that of taxes and subsidies—though this intervention also has the potential to be pro-equity with higher relative impacts for lower income groups. Conclusions. The evidence found for effective interventions is useful for guiding countries toward the best options for non-health sector interventions that can positively impact health. This overviews shows that intersectoral work benefits every sector involved.
 
Objetivo. Identificar las intervenciones notificadas que facilitan el desarrollo sostenible y han tenido un impacto positivo en la salud en cuatro áreas: producción sostenible de alimentos, uso sostenible de la energía, trabajo sostenible (“trabajo digno”), y prevención de la exposición a productos químicos tóxicos. Métodos. Se usaron métodos de revisión sistemática para sintetizar la evidencia de múltiples revisiones sistemáticas y evaluaciones económicas. Sobre la base de protocolos predefinidos, incluidos criterios de inclusión claros, se realizó una búsqueda en al menos 14 bases de datos y ocho sitios web para cada una de las cuatro sinopsis de revisiones sistemáticas. Para ser consideradas “sostenibles,” las intervenciones debían estar dirigidas (explícita o implícitamente) a lograr efectos positivos en al menos dos dimensiones del marco integrado para el desarrollo sostenible e incluir mediciones de la repercusión en la salud. Resultados. En total, 47 revisiones sistemáticas y 10 evaluaciones económicas cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron las intervenciones más prometedoras, como las políticas agrícolas, para cada uno de los cuatro temas. Si bien la evidencia sobre las intervenciones no es sólida debido al número limitado de estudios, no hay indicios de un impacto negativo concreto en la salud. La única posible excepción se relaciona con los impuestos y subsidios, aunque esta intervención también tiene el potencial de favorecer la equidad con una repercusión relativa mayor en los grupos de menores ingresos. Conclusiones. La evidencia sobre intervenciones eficaces es útil para guiar a los países hacia las mejores opciones de intervención en sectores que no son de salud pero cuya repercusión también será positiva en el de la salud. Estas sinopsis indican que el trabajo intersectorial beneficia a todos los sectores implicados.
 
Translated title
El nuevo enfoque de las Naciones Unidas sobre el desarrollo sostenible después del 2015: Resultados de cuatro sinopsis de revisiones sistemáticas de intervenciones relacionadas con el desarrollo sostenible y la salud
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;39(3),mar. 2016
Subject
Sustainable Development; Sustainable Development Goals; Sustainable Agriculture; Environment and Public Health; Health Equity; Employment; United Nations; Review; Desarrollo Sostenible; Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible; Revisión; Agricultura Sostenible; Medio Ambiente y Salud Pública; Equidad en Salud; Empleo; Naciones Unidas
URI
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/28309
Citation
Galvão LAC, Haby MM, Chapman E, Clark R, Magalhães Câmara V, Raggio Luiz R, et al. The new United Nations approach to sustainable development post-2015: Findings from four overviews of systematic reviews on interventions for sustainable development and health. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2016; 39(3):157–65.
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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