Sífilis em parturientes no Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados, 2010 a 2011

Abstract

Objetivo. Estimar a prevalência e investigar os fatores associados à sífilis em parturientes no Brasil. Métodos. Estudo transversal de base populacional, nacional, com representatividade regional, realizado com parturientes de 15 a 49 anos de idade atendidas em maternidades do sistema público de saúde e conveniadas, de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2011. Para investigação da sífilis, realizou-se triagem com teste rápido treponêmico. A confirmação diagnóstica baseou-se no ensaio não treponêmico Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) e em ensaios treponêmicos adicionais. Um questionário estruturado foi aplicado para coleta de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Informações acerca do pré-natal foram obtidas no cartão pré-natal e registros médicos. Os fatores associados foram verificados por meio da razão de prevalência, estimada pelo modelo de regressão logística. Resultados. Foram analisadas informações de 36 713 parturientes. A prevalência geral da sífilis foi estimada no país em 0,89%; nas regiões Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste, foi de 1,05%, 1,14%, 0,73%, 0,48% e 1,20%, respectivamente. A soropositividade associou-se a não realização do pré-natal, menor número de consultas e início tardio do pré-natal. Das parturientes diagnosticadas durante o pré-natal, 53,1% permaneciam infectadas no parto. As parturientes de raça/cor amarela, preta e parda e as de menor escolaridade apresentaram maior risco para sífilis do que as de raça/cor branca e as de maior escolaridade. Conclusões. Houve redução da prevalência da sífilis no Brasil. Porém, esse agravo ainda está associado a desigualdades sociais e regionais.

Objective. To estimate the prevalence and investigate the factors associated with syphilis in parturient women in Brazil. Method. This nationwide cross-sectional population-based study, with regional representativeness, was carried out with parturient women aged 15 to 49 years delivering babies in public healthcare system/partner maternity facilities between January 2010 and December 2011. Syphilis screening was based on a rapid treponemal test. Diagnostic confirmation was based on the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and additional treponemal tests. A structured questionnaire was used for collection of clinical and sociodemographic variables. Information regarding pre-natal consultations was obtained from the prenatal card and medical records. The association between the variables of interest and syphilis was investigated using odds ratios and logistic regression. Results. Information was obtained from 36 713 women. The overall prevalence of syphilis for the country was 0.89%; the prevalence in the North, Northeast, Southeast, South, and Mid-West regions was 1.05%, 1.14%, 0.73%, 0.48%, and 1.20% respectively. Seropositive results were associated with absence of prenatal consultations, fewer prenatal consultations, and late start of prenatal consultations. Of the women diagnosed during prenatal consultations, 53.1% were still infected at delivery. Increased risk of syphilis was observed in women of yellow, black, and brown race/skin color as well as in those with fewer years of schooling than in women of white race/skin color and more years of schooling. Conclusions. A reduction in the prevalence of syphilis in Brazil was recorded. However, this disease is still associated with social and regional inequality.