Tratamiento de diarrea aguda en ninos: estudio comparativo de tres soluciones de rehidratacion oral y venoclisis en Colombia

Abstract

In San Vicente de Paul University Hospital, at Medellin Colombia, a comparative study was made of the effectiveness of three oral rehidration solutions of different composition and I.V, therapy in 144 children under five years of age that presented with acute diarrheal disease and dehiydration. These children were divided into four groups to which were administered, respectively, Pedialyte solution, WHO solution, glucosaline solution, and I.V. therapy. The responses of the groups to their repective treatments were compared and the complications and etiology were identified. The patients were positive 53.6 percent for rotaviruses, and 26.4 percent for bacterial enteropathogens, 9.7 percent harboted Ascaris lumbricoides, 4.9 percent trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica, and 2.1 percent Giarida lambilia. Of all patientes treated with oral solutions, 91.7 percent rehydrated well regardless of the solution administered and the etiology, 75 percent of them in the first 12 hours. The average rehydration time was 9 hours by the oral and 25 hours by the parenteral route. There was no case of hypernatremia or other complications in the patients who received oral therapy. Hyponatremia and acidosis present at admission reponded better to the WHO solution than to the other treatments. There were 9 failures, 3 of them attributed to intolerance to glucose, the other 6 to profuse diarrhea and/or vomiting