Métodos de yodación de la sal

Abstract

Iodization of salt is a simple, economical, and effective means of giving the population the iodine it requires to prevent goiter and protect health. The author describes the methods of iodization (spraying or misting, dry mixture, and brine treatment), according to the type of salt that is to be treated (refined, coarse crystals, or block) and the volume of production. The methods used in highly industrialized and developing countries are also discussed. In each case, mention is made of the components of the mixture used for iodization, the active ingredient of which is potassium iodide or potassium iodate, which is mixed with other chemical substances as stabilizing and drying agents. It is important to ensure the stability of the iodized salt, since the latter must contain iodine in the amount stipulated by the health authorities. To avoid the loss of iodine it is recommended that the salt be dry and free-flowing; packaging should be waterproof; storage should be in a dark and well-ventilated place; the salt should also contain a stabilizing agent and be free of impurities. For greater stabilization, it is recommended that potassium iodate be used, instead potassium iodide, since the former is highly stable and is not altered by oxidizing impurities, as is the case with iodide. Iodate is especially recommended in the production of salt by brine treatment in an open receptacle and by