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El número reproductivo básico (R0): consideraciones para su aplicación en la salud pública

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Date
2015
Author
Ridenhour, Benjamin
Kowalik, Jessica M.
Shay, David K.
Metadata
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Abstract
Evaluamos el uso en la salud pública del número reproductivo básico (R0), por el cual se estima la velocidad con que una enfermedad puede propagarse en una población. Estas estimaciones son de gran interés en el campo de la salud pública como quedó de manifiesto en ocasión de la pandemia del 2009 por el virus gripal A (H1N1). Revisamos los métodos usados comúnmente para estimar el R0, examinamos su utilidad práctica y determinamos la forma en que las estimaciones de este parámetro epidemiológico pueden servir de fundamento para tomar decisiones relativas a las estrategias de mitigación. Por sí solo, el R0 es una medida insuficiente de la dinámica de las enfermedades infecciosas en las poblaciones; hay otros parámetros que pueden aportar información más útil. No obstante, la estimación del R0 en una población determinada es útil para entender la transmisión de una enfermedad en ella. Si se considera el R0 en el contexto de otros parámetros epidemiológicos importantes, su utilidad puede consistir en que permite conocer mejor un brote epidémico y preparar la respuesta de salud pública correspondiente.
 
We assessed public health use of R0, the basic reproduction number, which estimates the speed at which a disease is capable of spreading in a population. These estimates are of great public health interest, as evidenced during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus pandemic. We reviewed methods commonly used to estimate R0, examined their practical utility, and assessed how estimates of this epidemiological parameter can inform mitigation strategy decisions. In isolation, R0 is a suboptimal gauge of infectious disease dynamics across populations; other disease parameters may provide more useful information. Nonetheless, estimation of R0 for a particular population is useful for understanding transmission in the study population. Considered in the context of other epidemiologically important parameters, the value of R0 may lie in better understanding an outbreak and in preparing a public health response.
 
Translated title
Unraveling R0: Considerations for Public Health Applications
Series
Rev Panam Salud Publica;38(2),aug. 2015
Subject
Enfermedades Transmisibles; Communicable Diseases; Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A
URI
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/10053
Citation
Ridenhour B, Kowalik JM, Shay DK. Unraveling R0: Considerations for Public Health Applications. Am J Public Health. 2014;104:e32–e41. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301704.
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  • Pan American Journal of Public Health

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